Transcript Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.

Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.600 C.E.
Finding Early Historical Evidence
Types of Sources
Changing interpretations and new evidence
Foundations Key Terms
Interaction and Exchange
Urbanization
Nomadic Peoples
Axial Age
Empires
Spread of Religion
Role of Climate and Geography
in Early Societies
Imagine how early societies may have
been affected.
How do you think early peoples
responded?
What difference would geography make in
the long term development of a society?
Population
Demography-the study of characteristics and
dynamics pertaining to a human population
What factors influence population growth and
decline?
Environmental
human
Early Migrations
Nomadic Peoples
Hunting-gathering lifestyle (!Kung people)
Labor/ leisure
Population growth
Gender relations
Rise of Agriculture
Spontaneous separate development – why,
where and when?
Diffusion of specific plants and techniques
Connected Technological changes
Pastoral societies
Africa, the Americas, Europe and Asia
Nature of village settlements
This land is my land, not your land
Impact of agriculture on the environment
Introduction of key stages of metal use
Birth of New Technologies
Fire
Bronze
Iron
Civilizations?
What is a Civilization?
Standard criteria:
ethics
material
Origins of termComplex cultures assume they are superior to
barbarian cultures
Use of term?
Basic Features of Early Civilizations
Different
Environments
Culture
State
Social structure
Know enough to compare them
Early Societies
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Indus Valley or Harrapan
Shang or Yellow River (Huang He)
MesoAmerica and Andean South .
American
Comparison of Egypt and
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Predictable flood
Mesopotamia
Irregular flooding
What about ?
Egypt
Political System
Social Structures
Religion
Women’s Roles
Mesopotamia
Early Societies
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Indus
Shang
Mesoamerica and Andean South America
Shared Features
Unique characteristics
Urbanization
Comparisons between urban, pastoral and
nomadic life
Classical Societies
Axial ageWhy then?
Results:
Religion
Politics
Social Structure
Gender relations
Axial Age Thinkers
Empire Building
What does an empire require?
What do its subjects expect?
Symbols of legitimacy
Symbols of Legitimacy
Achievements
Greek science and philosophy
Roman law and architecture
Political organization in Han China
Spiritual and artistic developments in Gupta
India
Urbanization and Gender
How might gender roles be affected as
peoples settled?
Origins of World Belief Systems
Polytheism
Origins of World Belief Systems
Hinduism
Origins of World Belief Systems
Judaism
Origins of World Belief Systems
Confucianism
Origins of World Belief Systems
Daoism
Origins of World Belief Systems
Buddhism
Origins of World Belief Systems
Christianity
Origins of World Belief Systems
Islam
Diffusion of Belief Systems
Collapse of Empires
Why do Empires fall?
Interregional Networks of People
by 600 C.E.
Silk Roads
Mediterranean trade
Indian Ocean trade
Meso and Andean American trading
Silk Routes
Mediterranean Trade Routes
Indian Ocean Trade
Conclusions
How do we know what we know?
How does change happen?
What results stem from interaction through
migration, trade or pilgrimage?
Why do world historians need to pose
questions differently than regional
specialists?