Transcript Ancient River Valley Civilizations Review

Ancient River Valley Civilizations Review
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TRASH-KET-BALL ~ FALL 2011
What do archeologists call
the preserved remains or
traces of animals, plants &
other organisms from the
past?
Fossil.
What do we call a
civilization whose
rulers all come
from the same
family?
Dynasty.
What do archeologists
call ancient humanmade objects?
Artifacts.
Define Culture.
A group of
people’s
WAY OF LIFE.
The Old Stone Age
is also
known as the. .
Paleolithic Age.
The New Stone Age is
also
known as the. .
Neolithic Age.
What is a nomad?
A person who travels
from place to place in
search of food.
_________+_________=
the Neolithic Revolution.
Warmer Climate
+
the discovery of
farming
Why is slash &
burn farming so
effective?
The ashes fertilize the soil.
What was the impact of
the Neolithic Revolution?
Nomadic life was no longer
necessary.
People could SETTLE in one
place!!!!
Instead of searching for food,
people were producing food!!!
What are the 5 defining
characteristics of a
civilization?
1. Advanced Cities
2. Specialized Workers
3. Complex Institutions
4. Record Keeping
5. Advanced Technology
What does the word
“Mesopotamia” mean?
“The land b/w the
rivers”
The people of
Mesopotamia settled
between which two
rivers?
The Tigris & Euphrates
What is a scribe?
A Sumerian record
keeper.
What type of writing
did the Mesopotamians
use?
Cunieform.
What structure was
at the center of
every Mesopotamian
city-state?
A Ziggurat.
What does the term
“barter” mean?
Trade.
In Mesopotamia, this was
known as a city that
functioned as an
independent political unit.
City-State.
Define
CULTURAL DIFFUSION!!!!
The spreading of
ideas and goods from
culture to culture.
Define polytheism.
The belief in many
gods!!
Define monotheism.
The belief in one
god!!
Name two of the three
environmental challenges
Mesopotamians faced.
1.Unpredictable flooding.
2.No natural barriers for
protection.
3.No natural resources.
What was the main
idea behind
Hammurabi’s Code?
Retaliation.
“Eye for an Eye,
Tooth for a Tooth”
How is the Nile River
different from any other
river
in the world?
It flows from South
to North.
When does the Nile
River flood?
Every July.
Did Egypt have any
natural barriers? If so,
what were they?
YES!!!!
Deserts on the east & west,
mountains in the south & the
Mediterranean Sea in the
north.
Define pharaoh.
God-king!!!
What is the relationship b/w
the political authority &
religious authority in
Ancient Egypt?
IT WAS THE SAME
PERSON!!!
THE PHARAOH!!!!
What type of writing
came from the Ancient
Egyptians?
Hieroglyphics
What did the Ancient
Egyptians use for paper?
Papyrus
Define Subcontinent.
A large landmass that is
part of a continent but is
considered either
geographically
independent.
What are the two most
important rivers in
Ancient India?
The Indus River
&
The Ganges River
What environmental
challenge did the farmers of
the Indus Valley face that
the Sumerians & Egyptians
did not?
MONSOONS.
Why is the Harappan
language impossible to
decipher?
Linguists haven’t found
any inscriptions that
are bilingual.
How were the planned
cities of the Indus Valley
different from other
early cities?
They were built on a
grid with advanced
plumbing.
What were the three reasons
for the disappearance of the
early Indus Valley
civilizations?
Earthquakes
Floods
Tired Soil
This person was the first emperor
of the first Indian dynasty.
This emperor gave up his
throne, converted to Jainism, and
eventually starved to death while
fasting.
Chandragupta Maurya
What did the Jainist
teach?
Nonviolence and
respect for all life.
After a long, bloody war in
which 100,000 soldiers and
even more civilians were killed,
this emperor
became a Buddhist.
Ashoka
Asoka is responsible for
spreading ____________
around the world.
Buddhism
This is the name of India’s
second great empire, which
began in A.D. 320.
Gupta Empire
This emperor came to power
peacefully (through marriage)
in about A.D. 320 and was
called the Great King of Kings.
Chandra Gupta.
This is the type of society in
which the eldest male is the
head of the extended family.
Patriarchal
This is the type of society in
which the eldest female is the
head of the extended family.
Matriarchal
This group of people from
south India were a Matriarchal
society.
Tamil.
ANCIENT
RIVER VALLEY
CIVILIZATIONS
ANCIENT CHINA
What were the two major
river systems in China that
flowed to the west to the
Pacific Ocean?
The Huang He
&
The Yangtze
This is the yellowish fertile soil
deposited along the riverbanks.
Loess
• Two Rivers:
–Huang He
–Yangtze
• Plateau of Tibet
• Gobi Desert
• Mongolian
Plateau
• Himalaya
Mountains
What are some of the
environmental challenges
that the ancient Chinese
faced?
1. Flooding of Huang He
2. Geographic isolation
3. Lack of natural barriers
4. Only 10% of China’s land is
suitable for farming.
What was the first
Chinese dynasty to leave
written records?
The Shang
Explain why the Chinese
writing system is so
unique.
It was universal.
This is the divine approval
that a Chinese ruler must
possess to maintain rule.
The Mandate of
Heaven
This is the pattern of
rise, decline, and
replacement of ruling
families in China.
The Dynastic Cycle
This is the ethical system
adopted by Shi Huangdi.
Legalism
Explain Shi Huangdi’s
quote:
“Strengthen Trunk,
Weaken Branches”
Powerful
Government,
Weak people.
This is what the
philosophy of Laozi came
to be called.
Daoism
From which citystate was
Hammurabi from?
Babylon.
What is the name of
the triangular piece
of land located at
the mouth of the
Nile River?
Delta
Define Theocracy.
A government based
on Religious
authority!
What is the main
purpose of a
pyramid?
To serve as a tomb.
Hieroglyphics,
Cuneiform &
Chinese are all based
on what?
Pictograph’s.
Why is the
Rosetta
Stone so
useful to
historians?
What season brought
the WET winds to
India?
Summer Monsoons.
What season brought
the DRY winds to
India?
Winter Monsoons.
How did Wudi’s
Examination System
improve the
government in China?
Gave jobs to
qualified workers.
True or False:
Confucianism is a
religion.
False. It is an ethical
system.
Confucius said that
__________________
could change a
commoner into a
gentleman.
Education.
Which Emperor is
responsible for having
the Great Wall of
China built?
Shi Huangdi.