Transcript Energy is Energizing!!! - 5th Grade Ortega Elementary

MOTION IS MOVING!!!
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The ability to cause motion or create change
ENERGY!!!!!
“types” of energies
FORMS!!!
Energy of motion
KINETIC ENERGY!!!
Energy that is stored
POTENTIAL ENERGY!!!!!
Energy that an object has due to its motion and
position (it includes potential and kinetic
energies). (A wind up toy)
Mechanical Energy
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Energy caused by the movement of charged
particles
ELECTRIC ENERGY
Energy due to moving particles (heat); how
hot or cold an object is
THERMAL ENERGY
Energy of vibrations
SOUND ENERGY
Radiant energy that travels in waves through
space and sensed by the eyes
LIGHT ENERGY
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Energy of moving air
WIND
Energy of flowing water into electricity
HYDROELECTRIC
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The amount of kinetic energy depends on 2
things:
Speed and mass
The faster an object moves, the more kinetic
energy
The more mass an object has, the more
kinetic energy
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Energy stored in bonds of atoms (food,
batteries, gasoline)
CHEMICAL ENERGY
Energy stored in something stretched (rubber
band, pole vaulter, slingshot)
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
Energy is something raised up (boulder on
edge of a cliff, top of a rollercoaster hill)
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
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Sound is caused by a back and forth movement called
Vibration
Which does sound travel faster in: solid, liquid, or gas
SOLID-ATOMS ARE CLOSER TOGETHER
What happens when you scream in space
NOTHING—NO ATOMS TO VIBRATE in a vacuum
The number of waves/compressions that pass a point
FREQUENCY
How high or low a sound is/how fast or slow the frequency
PITCH
Tight strings, short strings, thinner strings have ___ pitch
Higher because they vibrate faster
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High speed/frequency ______ pitch
HIGH
slow speed/frequency _______ pitch
LOW
You can change pitch with the following:
Tightness (looser lower), thickness (thicker
lower), and length (longer lower)
Loudness of a sound—more or less energy;
distance from source
Volume/amplitude
Units of measurement of sound
DECIBELS
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Materials that do not let light pass through
(wall, cardboard)
Opaque
Materials that let some light pass through
(wax paper, heavy plastic)
Translucent
Materials that let all the light pass through
(glass, clear plastic)
Transparent
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Light energy produced by the sun
Solar Energy
Light travels in a _________ path
Straight
When light hits a surface 3 things can
happen:
Reflection, refraction, or absorption
Why is a red shirt red?
All the colors of the rainbow except red are
absorbed while red is reflected
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What are the colors of the rainbow
ROYGBV
Visible light is part of what spectrum
Electromagnetic spectrum which includes
shorter x rays, medium visible rays and
longer radio waves
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When light is “soaked in” by an object
(black t-shirt)
Light absorption
The bouncing back of light from a surface
(mirror, sun on water)
Light Reflection
The bending of light as it moves through a new
material (pencil in glass)
Light Refraction
When light passes through a prism, it is ________
into different colors
Dispersed
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Three types of thermal energy transfer
CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, RADIATION
Transfer of heat when one thing touches another
CONDUCTION “touch a duck”
Transfer of heat through currents (hot air/water
rises, cold sinks)
CONVECTION – lava lamp
Transfer of heat through waves
RADIATION– toaster or sun
Does heat travel from hot to cold or cold to hot
HOT TO COLD
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Materials that allow heat to transfer easily
CONDUCTORS--metals
Materials that do NOT allow heat to transfer
easily
INSULATORS—plastic, rubber, air, foam, wood
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Building Blocks of all matter
Atoms
Subatomic particles that make up atoms:
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Which is positive and found in the nucleus
Protons
Which is neutral/no charge and found in the
nucleus
Neutrons
Which is negative and orbits the nucleus
electrons
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Like charges…..
Repel
Unlike charges…
Attract
When protons = electrons the atom is…
Neutral—no charge—”balanced”
A charged object can attract an __________ or
___________ object.
Opposite or neutral (balloon to positive hair or
neutral paper)
When positive and negative charges are not in
balance, the object has…
Static electricity
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Energy that comes from the movement of
charged particles such as electrons…
Electric Energy
Materials that allow electricity to move
through easily
Conductors (copper, aluminum, gold, water)
Materials that slow electricity down…
Resistor (filament)
Materials that do NOT allow electricity to flow
easily
Insulators (plastic, rubber)
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A circular pathway that electrons/electricity can flow
Circuit
This can be an energy source in a circuit
Battery
These are usually made of copper and insulated with
plastic
Wires
This is what can be opened and closed to stop or
allow electrons/electricity to flow
Switch
This slows the flow of electricity and can heat a
filament to emit light
Resistor
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Electric Energy can be _______ into other
forms of energy
Converted or transformed
Give the energy transformations when using a
hair dryer:
Electric to heat, motion, and sound
Magnets that use electric currents and can be
turned on and off are called
electromagnets
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Can you create energy
NO
Can you destroy energy
NO
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
only ___________________
TRANSFERRED/TRANSFORMED/ CONVERTED
INTO ANOTHER FORM
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Why do scientists write down their procedures?
So others can repeat the exact lab and compare
results.
How many variables can be changed in a “lab”
One—the Independent Variable
What are the variables that are kept the same
called?
Control Variables or Constants
Why do we use a control group?
To compare the results to the original situation.
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How many times should you do a “lab”?
3 or more so you can make sure your results are accurate.
How should you take data?
Take it at the same time for several days and be as
“scientific” as possible.
How do scientists write explanations:
Based on data: numbers: (quantitative) and observations
(qualitative)
What do scientists do (in order)
Ask questions, research, set testable questions,
hypothesize results, follow procedures, record data
scientifically, do more than 1 trial, analyze results, write
conclusions, and share data and procedures with others
and compare results.
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A change in the position of an object
MOTION
The change in one object’s position
compared with another object’s position is
called ________ motion
RELATIVE
A place or object used to determined if an
object is in motion
REFERENCE POINT
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A push or a pull
FORCE (may it be with you!!!!)
Forces working together
COMBINE FORCES
Forces that are equal and opposite so things
don’t move
BALANCED FORCES
Forces that are not equal so something
moves
UNBALANCED FORCES
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Tug of war when no one wins
BALANCED FORCES
Tug of war when on side wins
UNBALANCED FORCES
The force pulling all objects down to the
ground
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
The force when two surfaces rug
FRICTION
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The rate at which an object changes position
(60 mph/ 10 cm per sec.)
SPEED
North, South, East, West, Up, Down, Left,
Right
DIRECTION
Both speed and direction (60 mph North)
VELOCITY
A change in speed or direction
ACCELERATION
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Car moving 50 mph North
NO
Car slowing down to stop
YES (change in speed)
Car speeding up
YES (change in speed)
Car turning left
YES (change in direction)
Parked car
NO
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Which changes each time with motion: position
or direction (think of ping pong ball lab)
POSITION
An object at rests stays are rest
INERTIA
An object in motion stays in motion
INERTIA
Why do you wear a seatbelt?
INERTIA
Unit of measurement of force
NEWTON
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Why do scientists do labs more than one
time?
TO VERIFY RESULTS
How many variables do scientists change in a
lab?
ONE—the Independent Variable
What are all the variables that are kept
exactly the same each time called?
CONTROLLED VARIABLES or Constants
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Why is it important to be exact?
OTHERWISE IT IS A WASTE OF TIME
Why do scientists keep data
TO COMPARE RESULTS
What is an question that can be proven called?
TESTABLE QUESTION
What is an educated guess to a testable question
called?
HYPOTHESIS
When you write the results of a lab, you are
writing the _____
Conclusion
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MOTION IS MOVING!!!!
DID YOU KNOW YOU ARE MOVING AT 67,000
MPH AND YOU ARE NOT EVEN FEELING IT!!!!!!
DON’T GET MOTION SICKNESS!!!!!!
REMEMBER YOUR SCIENCE FACTS AND APPLY
THEM EVERYDAY