Transcript The History of Computers

The History of Computers
The evolution of the
computer age…
There are 5 generations
First Generation (1951-57)
Second Generation (1958-1963)
Third Generation (1964-69)
Fourth Generation (1970-90)
Fifth Generation (1991-2005 &
beyond
FIRST GENERATION
The Vacuum Tube Age
Computers were built with vacuum
tubes
The electronic tubes were made from
glass and were the size of light bulbs.
In 1951 Dr. John W. Mauchly and J.
Presper Eckert Jr. introduced the first
commercially available electronic digital
computer. The UNIVAC- built with
vacuum tubes.
Continued 1st Generation
This computer was based on their
earlier ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer) design
completed in 1946.
1951-53 IBM adds computers to its
business equipment products and sells
over 1,000 IBM 650 systems.
1957- Introduction of first high-level
programming language- FORTRAN
(FORmula TRANslator).
SECOND GENERATION
The Transistor Age
First computers built with transistorssmall devices that transfer electronic
signals across a resistor.
Transistors are much smaller, use less
power, and create less heat ten vacuum
tubes.
The new computers were faster,
smaller, and more reliable then the first
generation machines.
Continued 2nd Generation
Introduction of the removable disk
pack, providing users with fast access
to stored data.
Introduction of first business application
programming language-COBOL
(Common Business Oriented Language)
based English like phrases.
Introduced of ASCII (American
Standard Code for Information
Interchange). Which enables computers
to exchange information.
Third Generation
The Integrated Circuit Age
In 1964, computer manufactures began
replacing transistors with integrated
circuits. An IC is a complete electronic
circuit on a small chip made of silicon
(one of the most abundant elements in
the earth’s crust.
These computers were more reliable
and compact than computers made with
transistors, and they cost less to
manufacture.
Continued 3rd Generation
Introduction of the BASIC programming
language.
IBM introduced its System/360 line of
compatible computers, which can all
use the same programs and
peripherals.
Introduction of ARPANER and the
beginning of the Internet.
IBM announces it decision to offer
unbundled software, priced and sold
separately from the hardware.
FOURTH GENERAION
The Microprocessor Age
The Microprocessor- a specialized
chip developed for computer
memory and logic.
Use of a single chip to create a
smaller “personal” computer
revolutionized the computer
industry.
Continued 4th Generation
1st local area network (LAN)- Ethernetdeveloped at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto
Center).
Apple computer Inc., founded by Steve
Wozniak and Steve Jobs, and Apple 1
introduced as an easy-to-use “hobbyist”
computer.
Introduction of the first public
information services- Compuserve and
the Source.
Fifth Generation
The Age of Connectivity
Connected Generation- massive effort
to increase the connectivity of the
computer.
The rapidly expanding Internet, World
Wide Web, and intranets have created
and information superhighway that has
enable both computer professionals and
home users to communicate with others
across the globe.
Continued 5th Generation
1990- Microsoft release Windows 3.0.
1991- Release of the World Wide Web
standards that describe the framework
of linking documents on different
computers.
1995- Microsoft releases Windows 95, a
major upgrade to its Windows operating
systems.
1997- Microsoft introduces Office 97
with major Web enhancements
integrated into its applications.
Continued 5th Generation
 1998-Microsoft introduces Office 98 integrate
with Internet Explorer 4.0.
 1999- Microsoft introduces Office 2000, soon
followed by Windows 2000.
 Number of Internet and World Wide Web users
in 2000- 300 million.
 2001- Windows XP was introduced
 2002- Amazon.com was introduced
 2003- Apple opens iTunes.
 2004- Google released invitations to test
Gmail.
 2005- Wireless connections to the Internet.