Transcript Model Validation SWG v2

Dynamic Model Validation Project
Jonathan Rose
Engineer, Resource Integration
Sidharth Rajagopalan
Engineer, Dynamic Studies
Synchrophasor Meeting
November 16, 2012
Source:
Need for Model Validation…
November 16, 2012
https://www.wecc.biz/committees/StandingCommittees/PCC/TSS/MVWG/06212011/Lists/Pre
sentations/1/201106%20Power%20Plant%20Model%20Validation%20Using%20Disturbance%20Data.pdf
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Validation Methodology
• Compare computer simulations to actual generator
behavior, measured during a disturbance.
Field Measurements
PMUs, DFRs...
Compare Results
Pass / Fail
Channel Plot
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69.5
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68.5
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67.5
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66.5
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65.5
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0
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100
Time (seconds)
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November 16, 2012
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100*A : Test7p
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10 - MW : Test7p
Synchrophasor Meeting
Overview
• Near Term Goals
– Validate a few generator dynamic models based on available
measured response during system events.
• Long Term Goals
– Develop plan to systematically validate generator models in ERCOT.
– New responsibilities? (NERC MOD Standard)
• Resource Entities, ERCOT, TSP
– Install measurement devices
• PMU at every power plant
November 16, 2012
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Challenge #1: Gathering Measurements
Generator
POI
• High-speed measurements of
V, q, P, Q, Hz.
• >= 30 samples / second.
• Measure unit output , not plant.
• Existing PMUs available to ERCOT
– Installed for specific purpose of transmission observability.
– none measure generator output
• Some gen companies have continuous fault recorders
– Difficult to access data. “Leap-frog” communication.
– Need coordination on setting up recorders.
• This issue is unresolved.
– Only attempted to validate Governor models.
November 16, 2012
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Possible Solution #1: Gathering Measurements
Generator
POI
Need method to
easily get data to
ERCOT.
• Install PMU or proper set Continuous DFR at each generator
– Does not need to stream live data. (Communication $$).
– PMU preferred over DFRs.
– Installation and Maintenance
• Provide easy access to data
November 16, 2012
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Challenge #2: Identifying Disturbances
Problem: Some stochastic disturbances difficult to monitor and identify.
Available
Difficult
Frequency disturbances
Voltage disturbance (e.g. faults)
Angle disturbance due to unit trip
Angle disturbance due to line open
Possible Solution:
• Move a nearby switched shunt.
• Change generator voltage set point.
November 16, 2012
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Brainstorming A Synchrophasor Plan…
• PMUs for Operational Needs
– Stream live data.
– Penetration: capture system condition
• PMUs for Generator Model Validation
– Archive data for 30 days. Data downloaded as needed.
– Measure terminal behavior of each plant.
• Overlap?
– Some generator PMUs stream data for Operations.
November 16, 2012
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Thank You
Questions?
November 16, 2012
Synchrophasor Meeting
ADDITIONAL
MATERIAL
November 16, 2012
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Overview of Validation Process
1. Capture electrical measurements during a disturbance using PMU.
• Need plant-level or unit-level measurements.
2. Introduce disturbance and measurements into simulation.
3. Check that the simulated response matches plant actual
response.
4. If not, discuss the results with the resource entity.
Present independent
variables (V, q, Hz) to
Generator
Test Generator
POI
Field
Measurem
ents
Comparison
Channel Plot
70
69.5
69
68.5
68
67.5
67
66.5
66
65.5
65
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time (seconds)
b
c
d
e
f
g
November 16, 2012
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100*A : Test7p
b
c
d
e
f
g
10 - MW : Test7p
80
Measure vs.
Simulation
 Pass
/Fail.
90
100
Synchrophasor Meeting
Example – Simple Model Validation Exercise
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Synchrophasor
SPWG Meeting
Types of Measurement Devices
• Phasor Measurement Units
– Stand-alone measurement device. High-fidelity.
• Synchrophasors
– Relay with PMU-like features. High-fidelity.
– E.g. Schweitzer 421.
• Digital Fault Recorders (Continuous)
– Predecessor to synchrophasors.
– Similar to PMUs except no GPS-clock and cannot
measure angle.
– May or may not be able to stream live measurements.
• Digital Fault Recorders (Triggered)
– Oscilloscope-type measurements that are triggered.
Used for relay performance reviews, event forensics,
etc.
• SCADA
November 16, 2012
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Measurement Device Comparison
PMU &
Synchroph.
DFR
High
Speed
Real
Time
GPS
Clock
Angle
Meas
Penetration
Model
Validation




~50

100’s
Difficult
1000’s
Governor
Only

SCADA

November 16, 2012
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Gathering Measurements – Need a Good Disturbance!
Pgen,
Qgen
V
dq/dt
Machine
Vmeas
AVR
Qgen
Hz
GOV
Pgen
dw/dt
PSS
Pgen
• The nature of the disturbance determines
which system is affected.
– Multiple disturbances needed to validate all
parts of model.
Response
Disturbances
GEN
Fast
Fault, sudden angle shift due to nearby unit trip /
line open.
AVR
Fast
Fault, switched shunt adjust, V-schedule adjust.
GOV
Slow
Large unit trip anywhere.
PSS
Fast
Nearby unit trip or line open.
November 16, 2012
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Synchrophasor Meeting
Disturbances
• Voltage Disturbances are difficult to find!
– Wait for a fault? How know when it happened?
• WECC creates their own disturbances
– 1400 MW Chief Joseph braking resistor.
• Could ERCOT do similar?
– Disturb generator by adjusting nearby tap, switched shunt or
change Voltage set point.
Chief Joseph:
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