Transcript Overview of Synchrophasor Technology and

Application of
Synchrophasor Technology To
CREZ System
CREZ Technical Conference
January 26, 2010
Navin Bhatt
American Electric Power
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Outline
1.Synchrophasor Technology
2.Potential Applications
3.Applications to Consider for
CREZ System
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1. Synchrophasor Technology
• Phasor: An electrical quantity with magnitude
and phase (angle)
• Synchrophasors: Time-synchronized phasors
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Phasor Representation
Courtesy: CERTS/EPG
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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
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Courtesy: Eastern Interconnection Phasor Project (EIPP)
SCADA Data Vs. Synchrophasors
• SCADA – Conventional Situational Awareness
Technology
• Advantages of Synchrophasor Technology
• Direct measurement (as opposed to calculated values using
model-based SE solutions from SCADA data)
• 8/14/03 Blackout: AEP SE could not converge; PMU
data kept coming
• Time-stamped data, accurate within tens of micro-seconds
of UTC
• High resolution (10-60 samples per second)
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Technology Promise
• Synchrophasor Technology
• Can provide situational awareness on a
sub-second basis over wide area
• Instantaneous measure of power system
stress between wide area locations
• Instantaneous measure of power system
dynamics at given location
• MRI of power system vs. X-Ray by SCADA
technology
• PMU data well suited to activate automated
controls
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AEP Synchrophasor Project
AEP/Texas
– AEP is taking a leading role in DOE/ERCOT efforts to install
synchrophasors in ERCOT
– AEP was the first utility in ERCOT
• to install PMUs
• Provide real-time data feed to ERCOT
– Work in progress to display modal analysis results in
AEP Transmission Operations
AEP/East
– Synchrophasor infrastructure includes 25 PMUs
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2. Potential Applications
• Industry Challenge: Research, Develop and
Deploy Applications
– Develop Practical Data Tools for Operators
– Do NOT need more PMU data
– Need Actionable Information
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2. Potential Applications
• Industry Resources
– Opportunities to Learn & Get Involved
– North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)
• (www.naspi.org)
– NERC Real-Time Application of PMUs to Improve
Reliability (RAPIR) Task Force
– IEEE
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NASPI
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NASPI
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IEEE
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3. Applications for CREZ System
• Large Penetration of Wind Generation
• Opportunity
– To provide leadership in the DOE “20% by 2030” vision
– To show it can be done!
• Challenges
– Lower overall system inertia
– Altered frequency response
– Altered small signal stability performance
– Energy balance requirements due to generation variability.
• Can we take advantage of synchrophasor
technology?
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Using PMUs for Renewable
Resource Integration
Wind Farm connected to AEP’s Ajo Station
PMU data from AEP stations (including Ajo)
in ERCOT Control Center
The ‘Last Mile’ is bringing the PMU data into the Control Center
for Wide Area Monitoring and Control
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3. Applications for CREZ System
• Potential Applications to Consider
– Visualization
– Small Signal Stability Performance
– Model Validation
– Voltage Stability Performance
– Advanced Automated Controls
– ……..
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3. Applications for CREZ System
• Visualization
– RTDMS already deployed at ERCOT
– PMU Data Display: Added Value?
– Information (Requires R&D)
• Acceptable ranges of quantities displayed
• Alarms
• Corrective actions to take
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3. Applications for CREZ System
• Small Signal Stability Performance
– Modal Analysis (Dominant Frequencies & Associated
Damping)
– Off-Line Analysis
• Listen to what the system is telling you
• Detect Trends: Daily, Seasonal, Long Term
• Correlate with Levels of Wind Generation
– Real Time Analysis
• Detect damping problems
– Tools already available
• Take corrective actions
– Will require R&D
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3. Applications for CREZ System
• Validation of Dynamic Models
– Need high resolution data (e.g. PMU data)
– Calibrate & fine-tune simulation models by
comparing simulation results with synchrophasor
data
– WECC Model Validation WG efforts
– Opportunity to use data from PMUs at wind
generation collection point (transmission buses) to
validate wind generation and other dynamic
models
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3. Applications for CREZ System
• Voltage Stability Performance
– Especially of benefit for a scenario involving fast
voltage collapse
– PMU data can be used to monitor performance in
real time through a nomogram developed from offline simulation studies
– Tools being developed to calculate margin in real
time (e.g. EPRI Measurement-Based Real Time
Voltage Stability Monitoring)
• An extension of the classic power transfer equation:P12 =
V1*V2*Sin δ12/X12
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3. Applications for CREZ System
• Advanced Automated Controls
– Grid operated with margin for anticipated contingencies
• Bodes well to maintain reliable bulk power system
• Introduces inefficiencies
• Can we rely on real time corrective controls under selected
operating scenarios, instead?
– Today’s controls too myopic
• Designed to address local abnormalities
• Centralized coordinated controls are rare
– PMU Data
• High resolution & instantaneous
• Could be used to develop coordinated, centralized wide area
controls
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Summary
– Synchrophasor technology is promising.
– “Killer apps” are still in works.
– R&D is needed
– Demonstration to adopt / adapt an application is
necessary (e.g. visualization with meaningful alarms)
– We must work together to apply the technology to CREZ
system
– Will require R&D + Cooperation with NASPI, NERC, et al
– Our efforts will pay off.
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Questions
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Extra Slides
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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
1.Measurement Layer
• Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
• Measures voltage & current waveforms
at high sampling rates
• Calculates voltage & current phasors,
frequency and line flows
• Installed at substations
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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
2. Data Collection Layer
• Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC)
•A hardware/software device
•Performs precise time alignment of
data from multiple PMUs
•Usually centrally located
•Archives PMU data (optional)
•Processes and displays PMU data
(optional)
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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
3. Application Layer
• Local (Substation) Applications
• Centralized (EMS) Applications
• Off-Line (Planning) Applications
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