Transcript Civilization - San Marcos Unified School District

Civilization
Chapter 1.3
*If taking notes in notebook, skip 1 page
The Standard of Ur - front
Standard of Ur - back
Review
● Tools, farming, and animal domestication
instead of hunting and gathering = more
efficient
● Why bother hunting and gathering?! Let’s
form a village!
How did villages grow into cities?
● People settled in areas which they
could farm and raise animals easily
● They used tools to increase food
production
○ e.g., hoes, sickles, plow sticks
Hoe for moving earth
Sickle for chopping grain
Plow sticks for loosening earth
What changes occurred when
people began living in villages?
● Social -- social classes formed
● Political -- laws and governments formed
● Interaction w/ environment (Iw/E) -- built
irrigation systems to produce more food
● Culture -- believed in gods & goddesses, art
& pottery created
● Economic -- new jobs emerged, food
surpluses, trade with other villages using
wheels & sails (travel)
Where was the first
civilization?
● Sumer in Mesopotamia
What is a civilization?
1. Advanced cities
2. Specialized workers
3. Complex institutions
4. Record keeping
5. Advanced technology
What is an advanced city?
● An important trading place
What are specialized workers?
● If farmers are making LOTS of food, not
everyone needs to be a farmer
● People can take other jobs
○ e.g., artists, traders, government
officials
What are complex institutions?
● Ways of organizing a community
○ e.g., Church, government,
economy
What might happen if a large
community had no way of
organizing its people?
Quick write - 2 min
What is record keeping?
● Record community information to stay
organized
○ e.g., tax collection records, laws,
storage of grain, calendar of
religious rituals, who owes who
money
● Writing was invented
● Sumerians wrote in cuneiform
Cuneiform
What is improved technology?
● Irrigation
● Pottery
● Melted metal to make tools