Transcript EGN-1002-Microcontro..

Software and documentation
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 Downloads
 BASIC Stamp software
Software for Windows: BASIC Stamp Windows Editor version
2.2.6 (~6.0 MB). Windows NT4/2K/XP. With BS1 Support!
Download and install: “Setup-Stamp-Editor-Lrg-v2.2.6.exe”
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 Downloads
 Documentation
BASIC Stamp Syntax and Reference Manual Version 2.2 (5.3 MB)
OEM module

The BASIC Stamp 2
OEM is a discreet
component version of the
BS2 which may be
purchased in kit form.
 The male header provides
the means to ‘plug-it’ into
your own board, or
connect to other boards.
P0-P15 I/O
Reset Input (RES)
Power the board with EITHER:
A) 5.5-15VDC on Vin. This will also
provide 5 VDC regulated output on
Vdd.
B) Regulated 5V Input on Vdd.
5.5 – 15V input (Vin)
Ground- 0V (Vss)
Regulated 5V output (Vdd)
Using the breadboard
(Socket board)
The bread board has many strips of metal
(copper usually) which run underneath the
board.
To use the bread board, the legs
of components are placed in the
holes (the sockets). The holes
are made so that they will hold
the component in place. The
circuit is built by placing
components and connecting them
together with jumper wires.
The metal strips are laid out as shown in
orange. The long top and bottom row of
holes are usually used for power supply
connections.
Connection
220 Ohm resistor should be
connected to pin P4 of the
OEM Basic Stamp 2sx.
“+” (long) lead of LED
should be connected to
opposite side of the
resistor. The other (short)
lead of the LED goes to “-”
220 Ohm
9V
battery
LED
220 Ohm
OEM BASIC Stamp 2sx
220 Ohm
220 Ohm
9 V battery
OEM BASIC Stamp 2sx
220 Ohm
COM port
Microcontroller chip
Wiring diagram
220 Ohm
LED
15 KOhm
LED
Note:
- is connection to
negative pole of the
battery
LED
PIR
Motion
sensor
OUT
Push
button
Buzzer
BASIC Stamp software
“Run”
Stamp Mode: BS2sx
“Identify”
Finds COM port with
BASIC Stamp
connected
Your saved program files
Example 0
Your first program:
File: “Example-00.bsx”
' My first program
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
DEBUG "Hello, is anybody home?"
END
Run this program when your BS2sx microcontroller is
powered and connected to the computer via COM port.
What do you see on the screen?
Example 01a
File: “Example-01a.bsx”
Red LED
' Example 01a
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Red:
'Lable
LOW 4
PAUSE 1000
HIGH 4
PAUSE 50
'Makes
'Pause
'Makes
'Pause
GOTO Red
'Makes program to go back to “Red” lable
END
pin 4 to have low voltage
1 second
pin 4 to have high voltage
0.05 sec
Example 01b
File: “Example-01b.bsx”
Red LED
' Example 01b
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
DO
LOW 4
PAUSE 1000
HIGH 4
PAUSE 50
LOOP
END
'Makes
'Pause
'Makes
'Pause
pin 4 to have low voltage
1 second
pin 4 to have high voltage
0.05 sec
Example 01c
File: “Example-01c.bsx”
Red LED
' Example 01c
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
RedLED PIN
4
IsOn
CON
1
IsOff
CON
0
Setup:
OUTPUT RedLED
Main:
DO
RedLED = IsOn
PAUSE 1000
RedLED = IsOff
PAUSE 1000
LOOP
END
' red LED is connected to pin 4
' IsOn = 1(constant) LED is active high
' IsOff = 0(constant) LED is active low
' sets OUTPUT to be pin 4
'
'
'
'
same as
pause 1
same as
pause 1
HIGH 4
s = 1000 ms
LOW 4
s = 1000 ms
Example 02a
Red LED and pushbutton
File: “Example-02a.bsx”
' Example 02a
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Green:
DEBUG ? IN0, CR
PAUSE 1000
GOTO Green
'
'
'
'
'
label “green”
sends information to the PC
about the status of input pin 0
pause 1 s = 1000 ms
return to label “green”
END
Run program.
Press the pushbutton. What do you see on the screen?
Release the pushbutton. What do you see on the screen?
Example 02b
Red LED and pushbutton
File: “Example-02b.bsx”
' Example 02b
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
DO
DEBUG ? IN0
IF (IN0 = 1) THEN
HIGH 4
PAUSE 50
LOW 4
PAUSE 50
ELSE
PAUSE 100
ENDIF
LOOP
' sends information to the PC
' about the status of input pin 0
Example 03
Input from the PC
File: “Example-03.bsx”
' Example 03
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
myNumber VAR Nib
DO
DEBUG CR, "Enter a number (from 1 to 5)? --> "
DEBUGIN DEC1 myNumber
IF ((myNumber >= 1) AND (myNumber <= 5)) THEN
DEBUG CR, " -- You entered: ", DEC1 myNumber
ELSE
DEBUG CR, " -- Sorry, your number is out of range"
ENDIF
LOOP
END
Example 04
3 LEDs
' Example 04
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
RedLED
PIN
4
YellowLED PIN
13
GreenLED
PIN
15
IsOn
CON
1
IsOff
CON
0
Setup:
OUTPUT RedLED
OUTPUT YellowLED
OUTPUT GreenLED
Main:
DO
RedLED = IsOn
PAUSE 100
RedLED = IsOff
PAUSE 10
YellowLED = IsOn
PAUSE 100
YellowLED = IsOff
PAUSE 10
GreenLED = IsOn
PAUSE 100
GreenLED = IsOff
PAUSE 500
LOOP
END
'
'
'
'
'
File: “Example-04.bsx”
red LED is connected to pin 4
Yellow LED is connected to pin 13
Green LED is connected to pin 15
IsOn = 1(constant) LED is active high
IsOff = 0(constant) LED is active low
' sets OUTPUT to be pin 4
Example 05a
Buzzer
' Example 05a
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
FREQOUT 1,3000,1900
PAUSE 1000
FREQOUT 1,3000,1900,2533
PAUSE 1000
FREQOUT 1,3000,1900,1903
END
Run the program. What do you hear?
File: “Example-05a.bsx”
Buzzer: SOS
Example 05b
File: “Example-05b.bsx”
' Example 05b
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Dit CON 90
Dah CON 3*Dit
index VAR Nib
sos VAR Nib
' Short span of time in milliseconds.
' Longer time, 3 times the above.
' Index.
FOR sos=1 TO 3
FOR index=1 TO 3
FREQOUT 1, Dit, 1900
PAUSE Dit
NEXT
' Send 5 sounds.
' Send a dit.
' Short silence.
PAUSE Dah
FOR index=1 TO 3
FREQOUT 1, Dah, 1900
PAUSE Dah
NEXT
'
'
'
'
FOR index=1 TO 3
FREQOUT 1, Dit, 1900
PAUSE Dit
NEXT
' Send 5 sounds.
' Send a dit.
' Short silence.
PAUSE Dah*3
NEXT
END
Longer silence between digits.
Send 5 sounds.
Send a Dah.
Short silence.
3 LEDs and buzzer
' Example 04
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
RedLED
PIN
4
YellowLED PIN
13
GreenLED
PIN
15
IsOn
CON
1
IsOff
CON
0
Setup:
OUTPUT RedLED
OUTPUT YellowLED
OUTPUT GreenLED
Main:
DO
RedLED = IsOn
PAUSE 100
RedLED = IsOff
PAUSE 10
YellowLED = IsOn
PAUSE 100
YellowLED = IsOff
PAUSE 10
GreenLED = IsOn
PAUSE 100
GreenLED = IsOff
PAUSE 500
LOOP
END
Example 05c
'
'
'
'
'
File: “Example-05c.bsx”
red LED is connected to pin 4
Yellow LED is connected to pin 13
Green LED is connected to pin 15
IsOn = 1(constant) LED is active high
IsOff = 0(constant) LED is active low
' sets OUTPUT to be pin 4
Format of variables
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bit
Nibble (Nib)
Byte
Word
0 or 1
0-15
0-255
0-65535 or -32768 to + 32767
Example of variables:
Mouse
Cat
Dog
Rhino
VAR
VAR
VAR
VAR
BIT
NIB
BYTE
WORD
'
'
'
'
Value
Value
Value
Value
can
can
can
can
be
be
be
be
0
0
0
0
or
to
to
to
1.
15.
255.
65535.
Example 06
Performing calculations
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
TOTAL VAR Byte
X CON 20
TOTAL = 0
TOTAL = TOTAL +100
DEBUG ? TOTAL
TOTAL= TOTAL/3
DEBUG ? TOTAL
DEBUG ? X
END
Run the program. What do you see?
File: “Example-06.bsx”
Pseudo Code
• Start of program
• Measure temperature
- Is temperature < 100 F ?
• Yes, Turn on heat
- Is temperature > 102 F ?
• Yes, Turn on cooling fan
• Go back to start.
Flow Chart
Start
Measure
Temperature
Temp.
< 100
Yes
Energize
Heater
No
Temp.
> 102
Yes
Energize
Fan
No
22
Sequential Flow Example
Pseudo-Code:
Flowchart:
Start of program
Start

Turn off LED 1
Turn OFF LED1

Turn off LED 2
Turn OFF LED2

Pause for 2 seconds
2 Second Pause

Light LED 1

Pause for 2 seconds

Light LED 2

End of program
Turn ON LED1
2 Second Pause
Code:
' <<<< INSERT COMMON
' CIRCUIT DECLARATIONS >>>>
'Prog 6A: Example of sequential
flow
' ****** Main program ********
LED1 = LED_Off 'Turn off LED 1
LED2 = LED_Off 'Turn off LED 2
PAUSE 2000
'Pause for 2 sec.
LED1 = LED_On 'Light LED 1
PAUSE 2000
'Pause for 2 sec.
LED2 = LED_On 'Light LED 2
END
Turn ON LED2
End
23
Branching Overview
“GOTO”
• Branching is the act of breaking out of a
sequence to perform code in another location
of the program.
• The simplest form of branching is to use the
GOTO instruction: GOTO label
Looping Flow Example
Pseudo-Code:
Start of program
Flowchart:
Code:
Start

Turn off LED 1
Turn OFF LED1

Turn off LED 2
Turn OFF LED2

Pause for 2 seconds
2 Second Pause

Light LED 1

Pause for 2 seconds

Light LED 2

Go back to start
Turn ON LED1
2 Second Pause
' <<<< INSERT COMMON
' CIRCUIT DECLARATIONS >>>>
'Prog 6B: Example of sequential
'
flow with looping
' ****** Main program **********
Main:
LED1 = LED_Off 'Turn off LED 1
LED2 = LED_Off 'Turn off LED 2
PAUSE 2000
'Pause for 2 sec.
LED1 = LED_On
'Light LED 1
PAUSE 2000
'Pause for 2 sec.
LED2 = LED_On
'Light LED 2
GOTO Main
'Repeat sequence
Turn ON LED2
25
Conditionals Overview
• The previous example is an unconditional branch;
the program will branch back to Main regardless of
any code parameters.
• In a conditional branch a decision is made based on
a current condition to branch or not to branch.
• As humans, we constantly make decisions based on
input as to what to perform. Shower too cold? Turn
up the hot. Shower too hot? Turn down the hot water.
• Microcontrollers can be programmed to act based on
condition.
“IF…THEN”
• The “IF-THEN” is the primary means of conditional branching.
IF condition THEN addressLabel
• If the condition is evaluated to be true, execution will branch to the
named address label.
• If the condition is not true, execution will continue to the next step
in the program sequence.
• A condition is typically an equality:
value1 = value2
value1 > value2
value1 < value2
IN8 = 1
Note: Compared to many versions of BASIC and other languages, the PBASIC 2.0
implementation of the IF-THEN is fairly limited. See the PBASIC 2.5 appendix
for new implementations of IF-THEN.
“IF-THEN” Example: Alarm
This program will sound the alarm as long as pushbutton 1 is pressed.
Start:
Pseudo-Code
Is button 1 pressed?
•
Yes, Go sound Alarm
•
No, Go back to start
Alarm:
•
Sound speaker
•
Go back to start of program
Flowchart
' <<<< INSERT SECTION 5 COMMON
' CIRCUIT DECLARATIONS >>>>
'Prog 6C: Conditional Branching Alarm
Main
False
Button 1
Pressed
Program Code
True
Speaker
2000Hz for
1 second
Main:
' If pushbutton 1 is pressed,
' then go sound alarm
IF PB1 = PB_On THEN Alarm
GOTO Main
Alarm:
'Sound the alarm
FREQOUT Speaker, 1000, 2000
GOTO Main
Main
28
Example 07
IF…THEN…ELSE
File: “Example-07.bsx”
' Example 07
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
RedLED
PIN
YellowLED PIN
PushButton PIN
IsOn
CON
IsOff
CON
X VAR Bit
4
13
0
1
0
Setup:
OUTPUT RedLED
OUTPUT YellowLED
'
'
'
'
'
red LED is connected to pin 4
yellow LED is connected to pin 13
push button is connected to pin 0
IsOn = 1(constant) LED is active high
IsOff = 0(constant) LED is active low
' sets OUTPUT to be pin 4
' sets OUTPUT to be pin 4
MainA:
' label “MainA”
RedLED = IsOff
YellowLED = IsOn
X = IN0
IF X = 0 THEN MainA
MainB:
' label “MainB”
YellowLED = IsOff
RedLED = IsOn
X = IN0
IF X = 0 THEN GOTO MainA ELSE GOTO MainB
END
PIR - sensor
'
'
'
Example PIR
File: “Example-PIR.bsx”
File: Example-PIR.bsx
{$STAMP BS2sx}
{$PBASIC 2.5}
' -----[ I/O Definitions ]------------------------------------------------PIR
PIN
7
' I/O Pin For PIR Sensor
RED
PIN
4
' I/O Pin For RED LED
GREEN
PIN
15
' I/O Pin For GREEN LED
YELLOW
PIN
13
' I/O Pin For YELLOW LED
' -----[ Variables ]------------------------------------------------------counter
VAR
Byte
' Trip Counter
' -----[ Initialization ]-------------------------------------------------DEBUG CLS
' Clear DEBUG Screen
LOW
RED
LOW
GREEN
HIGH YELLOW
FOR counter = 20 TO 0
' Wait 40 Seconds For PIR Warm-Up
DEBUG HOME, "WARMING UP:", DEC2 counter
PAUSE 1000
' Display Counter Every Second
NEXT
LOW
YELLOW
counter = 0
' Clear Counter Variable
DEBUG HOME, "WAITING...
"
' Display Waiting Message
' -----[ Program Code ]---------------------------------------------------Main:
HIGH GREEN
DO
IF PIR = 1 THEN
' Motion Detected?
counter = counter + 1
' Update Trip Counter
LOW
GREEN
HIGH RED
' Light LED
DEBUG HOME, "TRIPPED...", DEC3 counter
DO : LOOP UNTIL PIR = 0
' Wait For PIR To Clear
DEBUG HOME, "CLEARED...", DEC3 counter
LOW
RED
' Turn Off LED
HIGH GREEN
ENDIF
LOOP