Transcript WELCOME TO J.O.T.A - American Radio Relay League | ARRL

Patch ordering info
Patch ordering info
WELCOME TO
J.O.T.A
Badge and Patch Activity
Presented by:
Mark Spencer, WA8SME
Overview
• Junior Girl Scout Amateur Radio Patch
– The who, what, how, and fun of Amateur Radio
– How radio waves travel
– Use of “codes” to expedite communication
• Cadette or Senior Girl Scout Amateur Radio Patch
– Journey inside of a radio
– Open, closed, and short circuits…a shocking
experience
– Call signs…radio names
– On-the-air
What is Amateur (Ham) Radio?
FUN
What is Amateur (Ham) Radio
(government definition)
• Amateur Radio is a radio communications
service for the purpose of self-training,
intercommunication and technical
investigations carried out by amateurs, that
is authorized persons interested in radio
technique solely with a personal (nonbusiness) aim.
– FCC Rules Part 97.3
Ham Radio Operators
• Come from all walks of life: young and old, boys
and girls; without regard to ability.
• Shared interest in many things including:
– Communicating and meeting new people
– Talking to new places around the world, around the block, or in
space
– Science and technology
– Computers
– Community service and helping others
– Competitions
– Learning new things and applying what you learn
How Do I Become a Ham?
• Takes a few hours to study for a Ham Radio
Operator’s exam
– Study by yourself, with a group, or both
– Books are available that have all the information you
need, INCLUDING THE EXAM QUESTIONS
• The entry level (Technician) exam is 35 questions,
multiple choice
– Exams are given frequently in this area
• When you pass the exam (and you will), the FCC
will issue you your own, unique radio name…your
call sign
Local Radio Clubs
• Newington Amateur Radio League (NARL)
– The local Ham Radio club that meets once a month
– Participates in community activities and events
– Holds Ham Radio classes throughout the year
• Connecticut Amateur Radio League of Youth
(CARL)
– Ham club who's members are primarily young Ham Radio
Operators
– Participates in community activities and events
– Conducts a weekly net (on-the-air gathering for chat)
– Have their own club call sign K3KID
• American Radio Relay League (ARRL)
– National organization that supports Ham Radio
How Do Radio Waves Travel?
Line of Sight
How Do Radio Waves Travel?
Repeaters
How Do Radio Waves Travel?
Sky Wave
How Do Radio Waves Travel?
Via Space
Communication With Codes
(Radio Shorthand)
•
•
•
•
Morse Code abbreviations
“Q” Codes
Phonetic Alphabet
Signal Reports…”I read you 5 by 5.”
Morse Code abbreviations
“Q” Codes
Phonetic Alphabet
Signal Reports…
”I read you 5 by 5.”
Radiogram Message Form
The Journey Inside a Radio
• Major Radio Station Components
– Transceiver
• Transmitter
• Receiver
– Antenna
• Antenna feed line
– Input device
•
•
•
•
Microphone
Telegraph key
Computer
TV camera
Station Block Diagram
Antenna
Antenna Feed Line
Mic or Key
Transmitter
T/R Switch
Power
Supply
Receiver
Basic Electricity
•
The fundamental principle of electronics
1. Moving electrons create a magnetic field
2. Changing magnetic fields cause electrons to
move
•
Electronics is how we manipulate moving
electrons to create the desired effect
The Three Parts of Electricity
• Voltage
• Current
• Resistance
The Three Parts are Related by
Ohm’s Laws
• Voltage = E
• Current = I
• Resistance = R
• Ohms law is the most
important relationship
(formula) in
electronics
Two Types of Electric Current
• Direct Current
– Electrons flow in only
one direction
– Batteries
• Alternating Current
– Electrons flow back
and forth in a
conductor
– Electricity from your
wall sockets
Electronic Circuits
(pathways for electrons)
• Complete (Closed)
– Proper circuit to cause
electrons to do something
useful
• Short
– Direct path that bypasses a
portion of a circuit (usually
a bad/dangerous thing)
• Open
– A broken circuit with no
completed pathway for
electrons (usually a safety
condition)
Electronic
Schematics
• Roadmaps of the
inside of a radio
• Used to build, troubleshoot, and repair
electronics
Tw in-T Audio
Oscillator
Vcc +
R4
2N3904
.001uF
R1
C1
C2
R2
C4
C3
R3
The Resistor
• The component that
impedes or restricts
the flow of electrons
in a circuit
The Capacitor
• The component that
acts like a very small
battery. The capacitor
temporarily stores
energy in an
electrostatic field
between two metal
plates
The Inductor
• The component that
stores energy by
creating a magnetic
field. The inductor is
a coil of wire
The Transistor
• Think of the transistor
as an electronic valve
that we use to control
the flow of electrons
The Vacuum Tube
• The predecessor of the
transistor. Also a
valve used to control
the flow of electrons.
• Not very energy
efficient, used a lot of
energy in heat
• Some tubes still in use
today (your
computer/TV monitor)
Switches
• Many kinds and types
of switches. Opens
and closes a circuit to
either stop or allow the
follow of elections.
• Here a just a few
symbols for various
switches
Integrated Circuits
• Integrated means to
“place together”
• Integrated circuits are
collections of
electronic components
put together to do a
particular task
1
14
2
13
3
12
4
11
5
10
6
9
7
8
Ham Radio Call Signs
• WA8SME
– W (A, K, N) = United States
– 8 = from the 8th call district (MI, OH, W.Va)
– SME = The next letters in line when issued
Ham Radio Call Signs
• DA1OY
– D = West Germany
• G5EPV
– G = England
• HL9AW
– HL = South Korea
Ham Radio Call Signs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
VE = Canada
XE = Mexico
U = Russia
BY = China
J = Japan
VK = Australia
ZL = New Zeeland
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I = Italy
F = France
CO = Cuba
PY = Brazil
4X = Israel
5V = Togo
8Z = Saudi Arabia
Operating a Ham Radio Station
• Calling any station “CQ”
• Talk like you normally would except…only one
person can talk at a time, that is called half duplex
• Non Ham Operators talking on the radio is called
“third party” traffic…some minor restrictions
• Give your station call sign each 10 minutes
• Contacts will be “logged” (recorded) so that QSL
cards can be issued if requested
Patch ordering info
Operating a Ham Radio Station
• Don’t be afraid to talk, you won’t break
anything!
• Have fun meeting new people…across the
street, around the world, or in space:
Ham Radio