Transcript Power Point Presentation

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Radio Communications,
Emergency and Natural Disaster
By
Phill Nethercott & Dr. Todd Butler
“We believe that helping our neighbors prepare helps us all to be safer.”
Disclaimer
Use the information we present at your own risk. Our presentations are not meant to be a comprehensive look at the
various topics, but rather an overview to help you become enthused and to look further at your personal preparation.
We encourage the use of resources provided to help you obtain a deeper understanding of each topic.
Copyright© 2014 Community Preparedness Group. All rights reserved.
Radio Communications,
Emergency and Natural Disaster
 Community Preparedness group
 Communitypg.us
 Helping Millville become prepared
Various Types of Communication
 Land Line
 Radio Wave
 Cell Phone
 Family Radio ( Walkie Talkie )
 CB ( Citizen Band )
 Ham Radio
Disruption in Communications
 Broken Land lines
 Down Relay Station
 Loss of Electricity
 Dead Battery
 EMP ( Electro Magnetic Pulse )
 Sun Spots
 SME ( Solar Mass Ejection )
 Nuclear Explosions
When the Disruption Occurs
 What are the likely disruptions for our area?
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 What form of communication will be effected?
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What do I do now?
 I’m sitting in my home, the lights are out.
Nothing is hanging on the walls. I can see some
cracked sheet rock. The house bounced up and
down for about 45 seconds, then swayed side to
side for another 45 seconds. The sound was
almost deafening. Now its so quiet that it feels
eerie. My home phone doesn’t have a dial tone
and my cell phone doesn’t have a signal.
Family Radio ( Walkie Talkie )
 Pros
 Inexpensive
 family communication
 Search and rescue in
buildings. (CERT)
 Search and rescue of
relatively small area
with mild terrain.
 Good for intercommand post
communication
•Cons
•Limited Range ( 10 miles)
•Line of sight
•Range diminishes with
rough terrain.
•27 MHz with small antenna
Walkie Talkie
 Walkie Talkie two way radios have
been around since Motorola built a
large, cumbersome hand-held
portable two-way radio for US
soldiers to use during World War II
 The Original military walkie talkie
was a breakthrough for its day,
because it meant that any soldier
could pick it up and use it, and unlike
other military radios, this one could
be carried easily. The Batteries were
built-in and the telescopic antenna
could easily be collapsed for
transport.

Note by David Harvey
•Pros
•40 Channels assigned
•With SSB High and low seems like 120 channels
•(single
side band)
•Can talk to anyone in US
•Range around 20 miles
•(
could be used for communication outside of Millville)
•Variety of antennas options
•Range of cost makes a good
choice for anyone ($39 – $183)
•Cons
•Can talk to anyone in US (only)
•Limited Regional Range
•Regulated output to 5 watts AM or 12
watts PEP (SSB)
•Needed license until late 70’s
•Limited Band Use
•Almost impossible to be Compliant
with the law, even when trying
•Limited Antenna size
Authorizations
HF Range
Frequency Limits
80 meters
3.525-3.600 MHz:
40 meters
7.025-7.125 MHz:
15 meters
21.025-21.200 MHz:
10 meters
28.000-28.500 MHz:
(Some limits)
CW Only
CW Only
CW Only
CW, Phone
VHF Range
6 meters
50 – 54 MHz all modes and power
2 meters
144.1-- 148.0 MHz all modes and power
1.25 meters 222 – 225 MHz (Some limits)
UHF Range
70 cm
33 cm
13 cm
420 – 450 MHz all modes and power
902 – 928 MHz all modes and power
2300 – 2450 MHz (Some limits)
Amateur Radio is radio equipment with
endless options.
This makes Ham radio very complicated
Unlimited Range
Ham radio has a potential for interfering
with many others.
What is Amateur Radio?
• Amateur (or Ham) Radio is a personal radio service
authorized by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC).
– To encourage the advancement of the art and science of radio.
– To promote the development of an emergency communication
capability to assist communities when needed.
– To develop a pool of trained radio operators.
– To promote international good will by connecting private citizens in
countries around the globe.
• Through ham radio, you will become an ambassador
for your community and your country.
What Makes Ham Radio Different?
• There are many unlicensed radio services
available.
• Ham radio is authorized:
– Less restrictions.
– More frequencies (channels or bands to utilize).
– More power (to improve range and quality).
– More ways to communicate.
– It’s free to operate your radio.
With More Privileges Comes
More Responsibility
• Because ham radios are much more capable and have
the potential of interfering with other radio services.
• Because ham radios have unlimited reach. They easily
reach around the globe and into space.
• FCC authorization is required to ensure the operator is
qualified to operate the ham radio safely,
appropriately and within the rules and regulations.
Ham Radio vs CB Radio
Ham
CB
 License Required
 Licensing discontinued in 70’s
 Wide range of frequencies
 Limited to very few
 Up to 2000 Watts of power
frequencies
 Limited to 5 watts
 Limited Antenna size
 Range limited to 20 miles by
law
 Unlimited Antenna arrays
 Unlimited range of contact
Line-of-Sight
• If a source of radio energy can been seen by
the receiver, then the radio energy will
travel in a straight line from transmitter to
receiver.
– There is some attenuation of the signal as the
radio wave travels
• This is the primary propagation mode for
VHF and UHF signals.
Ground Wave
• Some radio frequency ranges (lower HF
frequencies) will hug the earth’s surface as they
travel
• These waves will travel beyond the range of lineof-sight
• A few hundred miles
Ionosphere
• Radiation from the Sun
momentarily will strip
electrons away from the
parent atom in the upper
reaches of the
atmosphere.
– Creates ions
• The region where
ionization occurs is
called the ionosphere.
Levels of the Ionosphere
• Density of the
atmosphere affects:
– The intensity of the
radiation that can
penetrate to that level.
– The amount of
ionization that occurs.
– How quickly the
electrons recombine
with the nucleus.
The Ionosphere – An RF Mirror
• The ionized layers of the atmosphere actually
act as an RF mirror that reflect certain
frequencies back to earth.
• Sky-wave propagation is responsible for most
long-range, over the horizon communication.
• Reflection depends on frequency and angle of
incidence.
Sunspot Cycle
• The level of ionization depends on the
radiation intensity of the Sun.
• Radiation from the Sun is connected
to the number of sunspots on the
Sun’s surface.
– High number of sunspots, high
ionizing radiation emitted from
the Sun.
• Sunspot activity follows an 11-year
cycle.
Ham Radio
 Person operating the equipment needs the license
 Hand held units 5 watts or less
 Mobile units usually between 10 watts and 100 watts
 Base Station 100 watts to 200 watts
 Hams are allowed linear amplifiers up to 2000 watts
•Antenna is a big part of communication range
•Directional antenna
More on Ham
 Ham Radio operators have many more privileges than
Cbers. It comes back to the licensing and the expertise that
Hams, Amateur Radio Operators study for. They are
supposed to have the skills to set up and operate their twoway radio hobby, and to do it without causing any radio
interference to their neighbors or to other radio users.
 Amateur Radio Operators also have to know how to handle
emergency radio traffic, which is admittedly quite rare.
Licensed Hams are taught not to interfere if distress traffic
is taking place. One takes control, and the others know to
shut up and just listen. But that is another subject.
• Home Radio good for
•family communication
•Building search and rescue (CERT)
• CB Radio good for
•Intra City communications
•Larger area search and rescue
• Ham ( amateur radio )
•Unlimited Communication capabilities
•Not For Everyone
• One way radio good to say informed in an emergency.