Transcript English Software - Electrical Engineering and Electronic

English Software
Electrical Engineering and
Electrical Equipment
Diode
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Kinds of
diodes:
point diode
impulse diode
flattish diode
cener diode
tunnel diode
parametrical
diode
light diode
Photodiode
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This is a diode with
such concentration,
that its transition can
be illuminated
It is made of
germanium and
sicillium
A
When it is in a
function mode it
needs an appropriate
supply and it is
always engaged in
reverse direction
А – anode
Transistor
A Transistor is a semi-conductor device, which amplifies the
power of the electric signals Transistors are separated on two
major groups: Bipolar (BJT) and Field (FET). Each transistor
consists of a semi-conductor crystal, within which three areas
with alternative conductance are formed.
Rr
Er
Varistor VDR - resistor
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This is a non-linear semi-conductor resistance with
symmetrical current voltage characteristic
Its basic function is that, when voltage rises over
certain limits, its resistance decreases sharply
A varistor is used as a voltage stop in stabilizing
circuits and etc.
U
Phototransistor PNP
This is a bipolar transistor, which collector
transition can be illuminated, but it has not a
base terminal
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PNP
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NPN
It is made of
germanium and
sicillium and it can be
from PNP or NPN type
When it is in a
function mode it needs
an appropriate supply,
and an emitter
transition is engaged
in a forward, but a
collector in a reverse
direction
The reverse collector
current is that, that
grew when it is
illuminated.
Photo resistor
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This is a semi-conductor device,
which resistance decreases when it
is illuminated.
It is used in automation.
Dinistor
A dinistor is used in a number of engaging schemes.
Its structure resembles the structure of a thyristor, but it
has not a controlling electrode.
Thermistor
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This is a resistor with a high temperature coefficient of resistance
Its basic characteristic is that when heated up, its resistance decreases
sharply
The own concentration of the current carrier is highly increased
when the temperature rises, and the resistance of the thermistor
decreases.
It is used for stabilization of the temperature of electric circuits,
as temperature thermometers and etc.
to
NTC
Thyristor
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A thyristor is a controlling semi-conductor diode
It is used as an electronic switch which can switch over electric circuit
It is used as a part in devices as current regulator, rectifier and starter.
structure of an ordinary thyristor consists of four layers with alternative
conductivity and of three PN passages. The end passages Y1 and Y3 are
called emitters, and J2 is called collector.
The thyristor that controls the circuit is situated among the controlled
electrode and cathode, and the controlled circuit is among the anode
and cathode.
Y
E
Y
E
P1
P
1
N
1
P
2
N
2
Y1
Y2
Y3
Triaca (semistor)
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This is a symmetrical
thyristor with two
anodes and a
controlling electrode
It consists of six semiconductor areas, in
which PN transitions
are formed
A triaca is used in a
number of engaging
schemes and in
automation.
Types of circuit schemes
A circuit scheme
signals processed
technology of production
degree of integration
frequency
According to the signals processed
signals processed
analogy (linear)
digital (logical and impulse)
According to the technology of
production
technology of production
semi-conductor
layers
hybrids
According to the degree of
integration
(the number of elements in the crystal)
degree of integration
small degree of integration
middle degree of integration
extreme degree of integration
According to the frequency
frequency
low-frequency
middle-frequency
high-frequency
extreme-frequency
Solar Collector
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1. Solar Collector
2. Boiler
3. Circulation pump
4. Closed extended vessel
5. Safety valve
6. Spherical crane
7. Return valve with a flap
8. Differential thermo
regulator
9. Automatic vacuum pump
with a flap
10.Crane for filling and
running off
11. Spherical crane with
hollander
12. Safety valve
13. Spherical crane
14. Return valve with a flap
15. Water filter
Solar Collector
 1. Sollar Collector
 2. Multipurpose
Solar Boiler
 3. Circulation
pump
 4. Closed
extended vessel
 5. Safety valve
 6. Stopping valve
 7. Return valve
 8. Differential
thermo regulator
 9. Vacuum
process
 10. Draining
 11. Caldron hydro
heating
 12. Recirculation
pump
Solar collector elements
Solar collector elements
Solar collector photo
Caldron Solid Fuel
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1. Caldron – 7, 8 sections
2.Warmer up for water
3. Extending vessel
4. Pump
5. Return valve
6. Return valve
7. Automat for supplement
8. Crane for filling and running off
9. Spherical crane
10. Spherical crane
11. Water filter
12. Safety valve
13. Thermostat contact
14. Automatic vacuum pump with a flap
15. Safety valve
16. Spherical crane with hollander
Electro Caldron with accumulating
vessels
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1. Electro caldron
2. Automatic vacuum pump
with a valve
3. Spherical crane
4. Closed extending vessel
5. Water filter
6. Safety valve
7. Indoor thermostat
8. Three – way valve
9. Thermal motor
10. Accumulating feed tank
11. Pump
12. Spherical crane
13. Automat for supplement
14. Crane for filling and
draining
Local storey heating
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1. Electro caldron
2. Automatic vacuum pump
with a valve
3. Spherical crane with
hollander
4. Closed extended vessel
5. Water filter
6. Safety valve
7. Indoor thermostat
8. Spherical crane
9. Automat for supplement
10. Crane for draining
Electricity generator
Electricity generator
Motor / Generator
Electricity generator
Electricity generator
Satellite
Satellite