Transcript Unit 2: River Civilizations - Iredell

Unit 2: River
Civilizations
Ch 2 & 4
Why do civilizations develop around
rivers?
Mesopotamia – pg 30
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aka the “Fertile Crescent”
Between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
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Area would flood every year leaving many
nutrients in the soil
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Good: great for farming
Bad: unpredictable rainfall is hard to live in
Discuss
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How does food supply affect the
development of civilization?
So What is Being Done About It?!?
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Check out this wikispace that my class last fall
created.
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For homework, do a 3-2-1 about the content on
the wikispace.
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http://3rdblockfood.wikispaces.com/Schools
3: Things you didn’t know
2: Things you found interesting
1: Question you have
Make sure to read all 7 tabs! There will be a quiz
tomorrow to check that you did read and
understand
Sumer: City-States
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Sumer is one of the oldest
civilizations, dating back to
4500 BC
Sumer had a number of cities sharing the
same culture but developed their own
separate gov’ts with their own rulers
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ie Iredell County is like Sumer with the cities of
Statesville, Mooresville, Troutman, Olin, Union
Grove, Love Valley, Stony Point, etc.
Sumerian Religion
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Polytheism: believed in many gods
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Gods had some human traits, but they were
immortal and all powerful
Believed that human souls went to the “land of
no return” located between the earth’s crust and
the ancient sea
Not a joyful happy “heaven” but a gloomy and
boring eternity awaited the dead
Research Sumerian gods
Enlil
2. Enki
3. Inanna
4. Nanna
5. Ninurta
What are they the god of? What would you
pray to them for?
1.
Sumerian Gov’t
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Each city-state had a
ziggurat, or temples, in the center or town
Governments were controlled by the temple
priests = theocracy
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Priests acted as a go between with the gods
In return, people offered crops to the priests
Sumerian Social Classes
Kings,
landholders,
priests
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Wealthy merchants/artisans
 Field
workers
(majority of Sumer)
 Slaves
(Prisoners of war)
Sumerian Women
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Women were given many more rights than
most other (more modern) civilizations.
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Could work as merchants, farmers, or artisans
Could own property
Could join the priesthood
Some learned to read and write
Sumerian Tools and Technology**
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Invented the wheel, the sail, and the plow
Used bronze for tools and weapons
Developed a number system and used principles of
arithmetic and geometry
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Measured 360 degrees in a circle
Architecture: built arches, columns, ramps, and
pyramid-style ziggurats
Conquering Empires
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Sumer’s city-states were always fighting
with each other which made them
susceptible to attack from other civilizations
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Sargon of Akkad: 2350 BC took control of Sumer
and spread their culture throughout Mesopotamia
Babylonians: 2000 BC invaded and took over.
Set the capital at the city of Babylon
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The most powerful leader of the Babylonians was
Hammurabi
Hammurabi
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Hammurabi’s most notable
contribution was his set of laws
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They were engraved in stone and placed all over the
empire, which unified the many different groups of the
culture
282 specific laws dealing with community, family
relations, business conduct, and crime (pg 34)
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Punishments were based on retaliation
(eye for an eye)
Examples of Laws
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If a man has stolen the goods of a temple or palace, that man
shall be killed, and he who has received the stolen thing from
his hand shall be put to death.
If a man has stolen ox or sheep or ass or pig or ship, whether
from the temple or the palace, he shall pay thirtyfold. If he be
a poor man, he shall render tenfold. If the thief has nought to
pay, he shall be put to death.
If a man's wife be caught lying with another, they shall be
strangled and cast into the water.
If a man's wife, for the sake of another, has caused her
husband to be killed, that woman shall be impaled.
If a man, after his father's death, has lain in the bosom of his
mother, they shall both of them be burnt together.
Discuss
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Why do humans need punitive laws to
deter them from committing crime?
Egypt: Pyramids on the Nile
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Nile river flows northward
across Africa for over
4100 miles
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From Wilmington, NC
to Los Angeles, CA
is 2592.11 miles
Gift of the Nile
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Floods every summer would leave fertile soil
(silt) to farm with
Farmers built irrigation systems to regulate
water to their wheat and barley crops
Egyptians worshipped the Nile as a god
Surrounded by desert keeping Egyptians
isolated
Isolation of the Egyptians
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Pro’s
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Con’s
Pharaohs Rule as Gods
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In Egypt kings were gods and were called
Pharaohs
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Pharaohs controlled religion, government, the
army, and the well being of all Egyptians
Theocracy: government in which
rule is based on religious
authority
Pyramids
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Egyptians believed that their king ruled
after death
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Had an eternal life force called Ka
Kings tombs (Pyramids) were more
important than their palaces and needed to
meet their needs in the after life
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http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=88ac6bd6-193f-4f7f-84b768352faf0e73&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0
&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=
20 minutes
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-egypt/videos#king-tut
1min, 30 sec
Egyptian Religion
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Polytheism: believed in over 2,000
gods and goddesses
Life after death
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A person was judged after death to determine if they
would go to the Other World
The rich and royalty had their bodies
preserved by mummification
Book of the Dead had prayers, and spells for
help guide the soul in the after life
Discuss
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Why would a theocracy be an effective
form of government?
Research Egyptian Gods
Hathor
2. Isis
3. Osiris
4. Bastet
5. Sobek
What did they look like?
What would you pray to them for?
1.
Mummification (pg 38 & 39)
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“First, they draw out the brains through the nostrils with and
iron hook. . . Then with a sharp stone they make an incision
in the side, and take out all the bowels. . . Then, having filled
the belly with pure myrrh, cassia, and other perfumes, they
sew it up again; and when they have done this they steep it in
natron (salt), leaving it under for 70 days. . . At the end of 70
days, they wash the corpse, and warp the whole body in
bandages of waxen cloth”
The brain, liver, and other internal organs were saved in
Canopic jars
Egyptian embalmers were so skillful that modern
archeologists have found mummies with hair skin and teeth
Think-Pair-Share
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How did the Egyptian belief in the afterlife
compare to that of the Sumerians?
Egyptian Social Classes
- People could change social class
through marriage or career success
- In order to move up to the high
Royal
class, people had to be able to read
Family
and write
Landowners,
- Slaves could earn their freedom Gov’t Officials, Priests,
as a reward for loyal service
Army Commanders
- In the higher classes, women
Merchants, Artisans
had the same rights as men
Peasant Farmers, Laborers
(largest)
Slaves
Science and Technology
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Developed a calendar that was 365 days, (12
months with 30 days) by observing the star Sirius
to determine the length of a solar year
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They were only off by 6 hours!
Egyptian number system allowed them to collect
taxes and build remarkable architecture
Egyptian doctors were able to measure heart rate,
cast broken bones, and even conduct minor
surgeries
Write-To-Learn
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How might the Egyptians practice of
mummification increase their development
of medicine?
Writing
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Hieroglyphics
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Symbols carved into stone creating
a language
We learned the language of
Egyptians through the Rosetta Stone
Scribes were highly ranked in society
Developed papyrus: paper like sheets
made from marsh reeds
Write a prayer in Hieroglyphics
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Write a prayer to the Egyptian god that you
researched in class.
Write vertically as the Egyptians did
Your prayer must be able to
be deciphered by a classmate