Transcript social studies

SOCIAL STUDIES
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Hunters and gatherers
• wandering/nomadic lifestyles
• Used animals for food,
clothing, and shelter
• Bones used for tools
• Hunted animals and gathered
plant, berries, for food
Domesticate
• To tame plants and animals for
human use
Why were plants and
animals domesticated?
• Animals were used to work
• Plow saved time and labor
• Plants were raised for food
Primary Sources
• Records and artifacts made by
and for the people who lived
in that time
• Artifacts, tools, letters
Secondary Sources
• Records made by people who
were not part of an event
• Internet articles, magazines,
replicas, encyclopedia, etc
What did the earliest
settlers need to live?
• Water source (river valley)
• Mild climate for a long growing
season
• Fertile soil for farming
How did artifacts from a
civilization get to a new
place?
• Trade caused artifacts and
ideas to spread to new places
Mesopotamia
• Ziggurats-temples
• Sumerian city-states
• Code of Hammurabi
• “land between two rivers”
Egypt
• Ruled by Pharaohs
• Used irrigation
• Papyrus used to write/record
• Calendar for flooding seasons
Indus Valley
• Known for monsoon winds and
rain storms
Phoenician Trade
• Trade with Egypt and Greece
across the Mediterranean Sea
• Phonetic alphabet, indigo dye
and cloth, boating and
shipbuilding skills
Mandate of Heaven
• Chinese believed that heaven
(God) gave their emperors the
right to rule
Silk Road
• Trade routes that connect
China and Asia to the lands
around the Mediterranean Sea
Forms of Writing
• Greek – alphabet
• Egypt – hieroglyphics
• Chinese – symbols
• Sumerian - cuneiform
Alexander the Great
• Expanded the Greek empire
through many conquests (into
Asia, India, Egypt) @ 330 BC
• Was made pharaoh of Egypt
• Hellenistic Period-blending of
Greek and Asian cultures
Describe a classical
civilization
• Major advancements in
science and engineering
• Elaborate architecture
• Writing system, language,
religious beliefs
Vassal
• In the Middle Ages, a noble
who offered protection in
return for the use of his land
Quran
• Holy book of Islam
Vedas
• Sacred books of the Hindu
Torah
• Sacred books of the Jewish
(Judaism)
Hinduism
• Religion of the India
• Belief in many gods and
reincarnation
Judaism
• Religion of the Jewish people
• Belief in many gods and
reincarnation
Christianity
• Based on the teachings of
Jesus Christ
• Jesus is son of God
Buddhism
• Based on the teachings of
Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama)
Who is Siddhartha
Gautama?
• Son of a wealthy king
• Saw suffering and wanted to
end it
• Began religion of Buddhism
• He is called “Enlightened One”
Which two religions began
in India?
• Hinduism
• Buddhism
Which three religions
began with Abraham?
• Islam
• Judaism
• Christianity
• (monotheistic, holy city of
Jerusalem)
Major River Civilizations
• Mesopotamia-Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers (now Iraq)
• Egypt-Nile River
• China-Huang He (yellow)River
• Indus Valley-Indus River
Cuneiform
• Wedge-shaped
writing from
Mesopotamia
Oracle Bones
• From Ancient
China
• To predict the
future
• For religious and
political
purposes
Which civilization?
Ziggurat
Pyramids
• Mesopotamia
• Egypt
Which civilization?
Hieroglyphics
Silk Robe
• Egypt
• Ancient China
Which civilization?
Terra Cotta Army
• Ancient China
Shaduf
• Ancient Egypt
Which civilization?
Rugs and textiles
• Ancient Persia
Gold Burial Mask
• Ancient Egypt
Which civilization?
Parthenon-columns
• Ancient Greece
Coliseum-arches
• Ancient Rome
What was the purpose of
the Great Wall of China?
• Protection from invaders
Ancient Greece
• Polytheistic
• Democratic form of government
• Legal trials with jury made of
ordinary people
Athens
• Named for the Greek Goddess of
Wisdom
• Lost Peloponnesian War against
Sparta
Ancient Rome
• Representative Democratic form
of government
• City of power for the Catholic
Church
Describe the feudal system
• In the Middle Ages, this allowed
the rulers to control large
amounts of land
• Serfs- (poor) did all the farm
labor
• For power, protection, wealth
Disease
• In 14th century, Black plague
killed thousands
• Plague spread easily along
trade routes
• Death occurred quickly
Charlemagne
• Fought for Christianity
• Crowned emperor of Rome by
the pope in 800 AD
• First Roman emperor
Who was Prince Henry the
Navigator?
• Established school for navigation
• Encouraged sea exploration and
trade
• Purpose: to get spices from Persia
and China
Nautical innovations
• Shipbuilding
• Navigation tools
astrolabe
Nautical innovations
• Shipbuilding
Caravel with Lateen sail for speed
Nautical innovations
• Shipbuilding
Galleon
Frigate
How have humans adapted
to their environment?
• For water: build levees, dams,
irrigation systems
• Trade-establish trade routes
• Agriculture-use plants, crops
native to that area
What are Push and Pull
Factors?
• Push-pushes people out of an
area –ex. Natural disasters and
war
• Pull-pulls people into an areaex. City improvements, jobs
What physical factors
discourage migration?
• Mountains
• Deserts
• Waterfalls, large rivers
On a map:
• River Valley civilizations
• Mediterranean Sea
• Alexander the Great lands
• Silk Road
• Sea trade Routes