Transcript Infinitive or Gerund - RIT

INFINITIVE OR GERUND
SOLVING THE PUZZLE
WITH
KATHLEEN EILERS-CRANDALL, PHD
DeafTec-2014
WHAT’S GOING ON HERE?
In English, we use …
Jerry
wants to work on the project.
But not …
*Milly
wants working on the project.
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AND WHAT’S GOING ON HERE?
And, we use …
Jerry
finished working on the project.
But not …
*Milly
finished to work on the project.
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THE CHALLENGE
• Read and written English is a representation, not the
complete language.
• Deaf students do not have full access to the
language they need to use for reading and writing.
• Teachers must provide Deaf students with the fullest
possible visual access to information.
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ASSUMPTIONS
• Deaf students in your classes can read and
understand fairly well information that you use in
your class assignments.
• You provide your Deaf students with a form of
language that is visually accessible.
• Your Deaf students' writing skills are generally
intelligible to readers, but contain some word and
phrase usage idiosyncrasies.
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BACK TO THE ORIGINAL QUESTION
What is the problem with …
*Milly wants working on the project.
and …
*Jerry finished to work on the project.
when there is no problem with …
Jerry wants to work on the project,
and
Milly finished working on the project.
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WHAT WORDS ARE THE PROBLEM?
*Milly wants working on the project..
Millie wants
working on the project
*Jerry finished to work on the project.
Jerry finished
to work on the project
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WHAT TO DO?
Ideally, we should strive to ….
address the incorrect usage
and
increase students’ independent
learning skills …
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TOOLS NEEDED
• A list of common verbs that take infinitive
complements
• A list of common verbs that take gerund
complements
• Some directed practice with these constructions
• A dictionary designed for English language users
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COMMON VERBS + INFINITIVES
• Some verbs that can add infinitives …
(verb + infinitive)
• attempt begin. continue, decide, forget, hate,
hurry, like, love, need, offer, plan, refuse, start,
try, want, wish
• Examples
attempt to study
begin to eat
continue to win
decide to try
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COMMON VERBS + GERUNDS
• Some verbs that can add gerunds …
(verb + gerund)
• avoid, begin, celebrate, continue, delay, enjoy,
finish, keep, like, love, miss, quit, recall,
recommend, start, stop, suggest
• Examples
avoid studying
begin eating
celebrate winning
recommend reading
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WATCH OUT … SIMILAR
• Did you notice …
• some words such as begin and continue are on both of the
above lists.
• We can use …
• He began to study. I will continue to study.
and
• She began studying. I will continue studying.
• Both usages have approximately the same
meanings.
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WATCH OUT … DIFFERENT
• Did you notice …
• the word … stop
• We can use …
• She stopped to eat
• [She stopped whatever she was doing. Then, she started to eat.]
and
• She stopped eating.
• [She was eating, and she is not eating anymore.]
• These have different meanings, almost opposite
meanings.
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RESOURCES FOR STUDENTS
• Lists of verbs that take infinitives and gerunds.
• Ask students to bookmark these lists
• Show students how to check their work against these lists.
• Dictionaries for English language learners
• Use these on smart phones for easy access.
• Show students how to check verbs in their work.
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DICTIONARY EXAMPLE 1
• Longman English Dictionary Online
(http://www.ldoceonline.com/). begin
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DICTIONARY EXAMPLE 2
• Longman English Dictionary Online
(http://www.ldoceonline.com/). stop
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USEFUL LISTS FOR PRACTICE
• Here are some lists with practice items for infinitives.
• http://people.rit.edu/kecncp/Courses/Materials/Grammar/Infi
nitives1.htm
• http://people.rit.edu/kecncp/Courses/Materials/Grammar/Infi
nitives2.htm
• http://people.rit.edu/kecncp/Courses/Materials/Grammar/Infi
nitives3.htm
• Here are some lists with practice items for gerunds.
• http://people.rit.edu/kecncp/Courses/Materials/Grammar/Ger
und1-(new).htm
• http://people.rit.edu/kecncp/Courses/Materials/Grammar/Ger
und2-(new).htm
• http://people.rit.edu/kecncp/Courses/Materials/Grammar/Ger
und3-(new).htm
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SCAFFOLD TO INDEPENDENCE
• At first, work with students on each step toward
mastery.
• With success, students will feel comfortable and
begin working independently.
• Your students will gain self-confidence and be able
address more complex verb complements.
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HAVE FUN WITH GRAMMAR
You can work with your students to unravel some of
the grammar puzzles that cause confusions and
difficulties with the use of infinitives and gerunds
following main verbs in English sentences.
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