Transcript gerund - SlideBoom

Introduction of Gerund
• We can use –ing forms as VERBS in the form
of CONTINUOUS tense.
e.g.I am reading a book.
• We can use -ing forms as ADJECTIVES in the
form of PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
e.g.The film is boring.
• We can use -ing forms as NOUNS in the form
of GERUNDS.
• e.g.Jogging is an exciting sport.
Forms of Gerund
VERB + -ing ( gerund )
e.g. Playing tennis is my favourite
hobby.
*Shopping with my mother
is terrible!
• THE GERUND (VERB + ING)
• (The –ing form of the verb)
• We get GERUND by adding –ing to the bare form of
the verb.
• It is used as a noun.
• e.g.
• Laughing makes people younger.
• Reading is very important for children.
after certain verbs: admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy,
finish, include, involve, justify, like, mention, mind, miss, practise, regret,
risk, suggest.
as a noun in the beginning of a sentence:
Smoking is bad for your health. / Going to parties is great!
after prepositions: about, at, against, between, for, in, on, of, to, with,
without.
after the verb “to go” if we are talking about a particular activity or
sport: I went skiing last winter.
Let’s
go
surfing!
after certain phrases: be busy, don’t mind, feel like, what about, it’s no
good...
1 - GERUND AS A SUBJECT:
• Dancing is fun.
SUBJECT
• Mary’s (Her) working late is making her
sick/ill.
• Working at home is very boring.
SUBJECT
• Smoking is bad for you.
SUBJECT
• Cooking is my father's favourite work.
SUBJECT
• Swimming and running are my favourite
sports.
• Ironing and washing the dishes are the most
boring jobs for me.
• Eating too much makes people fat.
SUBJECT
• Painting is my favourite hobby.
Walking is good for
your health.
• Smoking is hazardous for health.
• Scanning is a reading technique.
• Studying hard is necessary to be successful.
2 - GERUND
AS AN OBJECT OF THE VERB:
• My uncle’s favourite pastime is watching
television.
OBJECT
• My favourite sport is swimming.
OBJECT
• Tom is tired of travelling by bus.
OBJECT
• My job is teaching English.
• All the servant does is cleaning the shelves.
• What the doctor recommends is brushing
our teeth before going to bed.
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• 3 - GERUND AFTER PREPOSITIONS
• (INCLUDE “TO”)
• verb + preposition + -ing form
approve of:onaylam. insist on:ısrar etm.
believe in:inanm.
feel like:want
rely on:güvenm.
think of:bir şeyi düşünm.
succeed in:başarm.
good/bad at
talk about:konuşm.
accuse of :suçlamak
responsible for:sorumlu olm.
be interested in:ilgili olm.
complain about:şikayet etm.
•Frank was found guilty of
lying in court.
•The students are afraid of
failing in the exams.
• You should check the oil before starting the car.
• John is good at cooking.
• Thank you for helping me.
• Wendy insisted on seeing Linda.
• Paul was accused of smuggling/stealing money.
• I am sorry for keeping you waiting.
• I am thinking of visiting my friend in
hospital.
• Judith never complains about doing a lot of
homework.
*COMES AFTER “BE / GET USED TO”,
“BE / GET ACCUSTOMED(USED) TO”,
“LOOK FORWARD TO”, “OBJECT TO”
AND “IN ADDITION TO” :
Look forward to:dört gözle beklem.
Be/get used to:alışkın olm./alışm.
Object to:karşı olm.,itiraz etm.
In addition to:ek olarak
e.g:
Martha objects to working on
Saturdays.
Nancy is looking forward to seeing
you again.
We’re looking forward to
climbing to the mountain and
making a snowman.
NOTE:
• He used to walk for miles every day.
• He is used to walking for miles every
day.
• ** When “need”,”want” and
“require” take a gerund, the
meaning is passive.
•
e.g.
• The grass wants cutting.
• Those curtains will need/require
cleaning soon.
•
•
•
•
•
•
4 - GERUND IN COMPOUND NAMES:
steering wheel
boarding school
wedding day
sleeping bag
driving license
swimming pool
bird-watching
I have a sleeping bag for camping.
Our school has a swimming pool.
• 5- AFTER CERTAIN VERBS:

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

Admit:confess(kabul etm.)
Anticipate:hope,expect
Appreciate:takdir etm.
Avoid:escape(sakınm.)
Confess: itiraf etm.admit(guilt,etc.)
Consider:think
Continue:go on,keep(devam etm.)
Delay:postpone(ertelem.)
Deny:refuse(inkar etm.)
Discuss:debate(tartışm.)
Keep:continue
Miss:long for (özlem.);be late(kaçırm.)
Postpone:delay(geciktirm.,ertelem.)
Quit:stop
Recall:remember;call back (geri çağırm.)
Resent:gücenm.
Risk:endanger(riske girm.)
Practise:uygulam.
Save:rescue(kurtarm.);
keep money(biriktirm.);
keep data in the computer(hafızaya alm.)
Admit
Anticipate
Appreciate
Avoid
Confess
Consider
Continue
Delay
Deny
Discuss
Keep
Miss
Postpone
Quit
Recall
Resent
Risk
Practise
Save
• Escape
Mind
• Excuse*
Pardon*
• Fancy can’t stand
• Finish can’t help
Suggest Prevent*(from)
• Forgive
Tolerate Understand*:
• Propose Involve
• Give up Resist
Imagine
• 5- AFTER CERTAIN VERBS:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Escape:run away(kaçm.)
Excuse* :forgive(affetm.)
Fancy :think;enjoy,like
Finish: end
Forgive*:pardon
Propose:suggest
Give up:stop
Imagine:hayal etm.
Mind*:sakıncası olm.
Pardon*:forgive(affetm.)
can’t stand:katlanamam.
can’t help:elinde olmam.
Suggest :önerm.
Prevent*(from):önlem.
Tolerate :izin verm.,hoş görm. Understand*:
(a cause,reason)anlam.
• Involve:require(gerektirm.;karışm.)
• Resist:karşı durm.(fight against,oppose)
* “Excuse, forgive, mind,pardon, prevent” and
“understand” require a possessive adjective before the
gerund. e.g.
Excuse my saying so, but you’re looking awful.
[OR: Excuse me saying …]
I will prevent your getting married at all costs.
[OR: I will prevent you from getting..]
I don’t mind you talking to Helen.
I don’t understand your telling lie instead of being
honest.
Jim/Jim’s
 We don’t mind {
} coming
him/his
For example
• Daniel avoids driving fast.
• Sally avoided answering my question.
• l can’t stand waiting here and doing nothing.
• Rima couldn’t help laughing when she saw him in the
costume.
• Would you mind opening the door?
• John suggested Tom visiting Turkey for their next holiday.
• My parents considered moving abroad this year.
*AFTER:DISLIKE,DETEST,
ENJOY,HATE,LIKE,LOVE,PREFER
to express general preference.
• e.g.
• Brad likes playing football.
• I love swimming.
I…
Michael likes sleeping
in front of the television.
Jack loves playing the guitar.
Gill hates walking in the rain.
Edmund and Jack like playing table tennis
The boys of 11 A-B love playing basketball.
Kyle/ have injections
Kyle hates having injections.
Eric
Eric likes listening to music.
Nancy
Nancy loves dancing.
Uğur
Roy likes swimming.
Roy
Michael
Michael hates going to the dentist’s.
Daniel
Daniel loves reading.
Brian
wear/sunglasses
Brian likes wearing sunglasses.
stay in a tent
Jane
Jane doesn’t mind staying in a tent.
I don’t mind going
shopping.
Brian
Brian prefers eating sandwiches to pizzas.
Prefer(doing sth. to doing sth. else)
Adam prefers playing billards to playing
bowling.
Adam
billards / bowling
Samuel prefers summer to winter.
Mr.Bell prefers having holiday to working.
Fiona prefers riding motorbikes
to riding bicycles.
Lucy prefers travelling by train to travelling by
coach.
GERUND AFTER SOME EXPRESSIONS:
• Be busy: meşgul olm.
• It is no use / it is no good :yararı,faydası yok.
*
• There’s no point in:-nın anlamı/manası yok.
• It’s (not) worth:yapmaya değer/değmez.
• Have difficulty (in)/ trouble:bir işi yapmada
zorlanm.
• Have fun/a good/nice time:iyi vakit geçirm.
• What / How about…? ….. ne dersin?
• Without + gerund:-siz,-sız
• By + gerund:-erek,-arak
For example
• Pamela is busy writing the wedding invitations.
• It's no use trying to conceal what you have just done.
I saw you.
• It's no good trying to persuade my father. He won't
allow me to come with you.
• There’s no point in telling the truth. She’ll just get
upset.
• How about playing chess?
• Don't go out without putting on your coat. It's rather
cold outside.
• Martha never leaves home without kissing her
parents.
• A:Have you watched the film “Av
Mevsimi"?
• B:Yes, it's worth seeing. The folk music,
especially, is wonderful.
• This book isn't worth reading. Its plot
is nonsense.
• I'm very short of time. I can only catch
the bus by running fast.
• She passed the university exam by
studying very hard.
• We got the job finished by working
sixteen hours a day.
• The old man ran into a blue car by
talking to himself.
• We should brush our teeth after eating
our meal.
*AFTER : SPEND , WASTE , LOSE , (time /
money …etc.)
 It is a waste of time/money/energy:-i yapmak
zaman/para/enerji kaybı
Spend/waste/lose (time/money/energy):vakit
geçirm./para,enerji harcam.
He lost 100.000$ investing in unsuccessful
companies.
Yesterday, I spent the whole day cleaning the
house.
Carlos usually spends hours trying to repair
things.
It's a waste of money buying things more
than you need.
You waste a lot of time watching those
ridiculous series on TV.
It's a waste of time trying to do all this
work by yourself. You can ask for help.
•
•
•
•
•
•
*AFTER “GO” FOR PHYSICAL
ACTIVITIES:
go shopping
go hiking
go hunting
go skating
go fishing
go skiing
go sightseeing
go camping
go running (go for a run)
go swimming (go for a swim)
• I want to go climbing this winter.
• I went shopping yesterday, so I wasn't at
home in the afternoon.
• My mother goes hiking on Tuesdays.
• My husband and my son are very fond of
catching fish, so they often go fishing along
the Bosphorus.
• I often go running along the seashore early in
the morning.
• Start
Begin
• Continue Intend
Bother
• I started doing my homework after dinner.
• I started to do my homework after dinner.
• It started to rain.
►It started raining.
►I continued to play tennis.
►I continued playing tennis.
I bothered to watch TV. -- I bothered watching TV.
We enjoy playing
Has Ann finished
tennis in the morning. (play)
taking her photos? (take)
John has given up eating sweets. (eat)
“Where’s Ellen?” “She’s gone shopping .”(shop)
I have to practise driving so I can pass my test.(drive)
Alex suggested stopping at the supermarket. (stop)
go
hear
smoke
wash
watch
I’m tired of hearing the same old stories.
Which British Prime Minister was famous for smoking
big cigars?
I’m thinking of going to Greek next summer.
Eric’s interested in watching football on television, but
not playing it.
Don’t worry about washing the dishes.
The End…
THANKS FOR YOUR INTEREST /
ATTENTION !
Exercise
1. Does your dress require…?
A. to press
B. to be pressed
C. to be pressing
D. pressing
2.
..is fun. I like it very much.
A. Dance
B. Danced
C. Dancing
D. Having danced
3. Who suggested …to the Peak for the picnic ?
A. to went
B. to go
B.went
D. going
Exercise
4. She…when she knew she had failed the
examination.
A. couldn't help crying B. couldn't’t help cry
C. couldn't’t help to cry D. could help crying
5. Everyone dislikes …in public.
A. being laughed at B. laughing at
C. to be laughed
D. be laughing at
6. He has no alternative but …bankruptcy.
A. declaring
B. being declared
C. having declared D. to declare
Exercise
7. Peter ran away without …his friend in trouble.
A. him helping B. him help
C. helping
D. helping of
8. I was so happy because my mother permitted
me …camping.
A. to go
B. go to
C. went
D. going to
9. No one could be exempted from …taxes to the
government.
A. paid
B. paiding
C. his paying
D. paying