Transcript Unit 3: IT*SA MYSTERY!

UNIT 3: IT’S A MYSTERY!
GRAMMAR
1. Past Simple vs. Present Perfect Simple
2. Past Simple, Past Perfect Simple and Used to
PAST SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Past simple
 Actions completed at a specific time in the
past
I went to London two years ago. (When? 2 years ago!)
Remember!
Subj + verb–ed  Affirmative (only REGULAR VERBS!)
Sub + DIDN’T + verb (base form)…  Negative
DID + subj + verb (base f.) …?  Interrogative
Present Perfect Simple
 Action happened at an unspecified time before
now: I have done my homework. (When? We don’t
know!)
 Actions that started in the past and still happen
in the present.
I’ve played volleyball since I was 8. (I still play it.)
 Past actions that affect the present.
I have lost my keys. (I can’t get inside my house!)
 To talk about something that happened recently
(just now)
I’ve just seen Maria in the hallway!
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
STRUCTURE
 Subj + have/has + verb (past participle)
I have already done my homework.
She has already done her homework.
 Subj + haven’t/hasn’t / have not / has not +
verb (past part.)
He hasn’t done his homework yet.
 Have/has + subj + past part.
Have you ever been to Bristol?
WORDS IT IS USED WITH
 Between have/has and the verb:
ALREADY, ALWAYS, JUST, EVER, NEVER,
I have never been to Italy.
 After the verb and complements but
before expression of time:
FOR: I have lived here for two years.
SINCE: I haven’t seen him since we were kids.
 At the end:
YET: Are we there yet? No, we aren’t there yet.
PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Past Perfect Simple
 Action that happened before another action:
 When the police arrived the thieves had already
escaped.
Structure
 Subj + had + verb (past participle)
The thieves had already escaped.
 Subj + hadn’t / had not + verb (past part.)
Notice that the verb “arrived” is in the PAST SIMPLE
Action that happens first  Past Perfect Simple
Action that happens after  Past Simple
The thieves hadn’t escaped yet.
 Had + Subj + past part.
Had the thieves escaped yet?
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
WORDS /EXPRESSIONS IT IS USED
WITH
 BY THE TIME / BY …
 ALREADY, YET
 UNTIL
 AS SOON AS
 BEFORE, AFTER
 WHEN
USED TO
Used to
 Habits / situations in the past that don’t
happen anymore
I used to play with my little sister when I was a child.
Structure
 Subj + used to + verb (base form)
I used to sing in a choir.
 Subj + didn’t + use to + verb (base form)
I didn’t use to sing in a choir.
(I don’t play with her anymore).
 Did + Subj + use to + (base form)
Did you use to sing in a choir?