Transcript auxiliary verbs & modals

AUXILIARY VERBS
&
MODALS
Main uses
In short answers:


Do you believe in psychics?
◦ Yes, I do
Are you a self-confident
person?
◦ Yes I am
To avoid repeating the main verb:

I hate this kind of exams and so does my
friend Ann.
With “so” and “neither”

With a verb in positive :
◦ So+ aux+ subj
 Peter loves this novel and so do I

With a verb in negative :
◦ Neither + aux+ subj
 You didn’t know Alex was coming today and
neither did I.
With “echo questions”

They are used to show interest:
◦ Aux ( = as in main sentence)+ subj?
 This is a really interesting guy.
 Is he?
 I really want to go on a date with him…
 Do you?
To add emphasis:

DO/DID + main verb
I know you deny it,
but I know you DID cheat in the exam.
To make question tags:

Positive statement ,
neg aux + subj?
◦ He’s from Ireland, isn’t
he?

Negative statement,
positive aux + subj?
◦ You haven’t been to
China before, have you?
AND NOW,
IT’S TIME TO GET
SOME PRACTICE!!!!
So/Neither

I’m going to London next weekend and … (John too)
◦ So is John

I’ve just passed my driving test and … (Ann too)
◦ So has Ann

I haven’t seen Peter for ages and ( Lui neither)
◦ Neither has Lui

I didn’t do my homework for Monica and … (the rest
of the class neither)
◦ Neither did the rest of the class
Echo questions
I ‘m looking forward to being sent abroad by my
company.
◦ Are you?!
 I know I left the keys on the table, but I can’t find them
now!
◦ Can’t you?!
 He speaks very good German…
◦ Does he?!
 He broke out of prison yesterday…
◦ Did he?!
 If I won 1.000.000 €, I wouldn’t change my life a bit.
◦ Wouldn’t you?!

Emphasis

She forgave her sister for deceiving her.
◦ She did forgive her sister for deceiving her.

I wrote the poem myself.
◦ I did write the poem myself.

I love parties.
◦ I do love parties

Books cost a lot
◦ Books do cost a lot

This bus goes to the station non-stop.
Question tags

It’s a lovely day, ________ ?
◦ Isn’t it?

You couldn’t lend me 5$, ________ ?
◦ Could you?

Tom drives very fast, ________ ?
◦ Doesn’t he?

I don’t think he’s ever been there, ________
◦ Hasn’t he?

You don’t like him, ________?
◦ Do you?