Transcript Chapter 3x - HCC Learning Web

CHAPTER 3
Perfect and Perfect Progressive Tenses
Have you ever seen a dragon
parade?
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The Chinese have been celebrating the New Year for
5,000 years. The New Year traditions have included setting
off thousands of firecrackers and painting parts of houses
bright red. Also, grown-ups have traditionally given red
envelopes of money to children and unmarried adults for good
luck. Families feast on dumplings, chicken, and fish, and
watch the dragon and lion dances. In some cities in America,
the dances have evolved into parades of dancing dragons
and lions surrounded by colorful flags, banners, lanterns and
drums to drive away the evil spirits. Have you ever seen a
dragon parade? Over the years, I have seen several over the
years in Chinatown.
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Present Perfect
• Subject + Have (Has) + Past Participle
•
•
•
•
You have studied English.
You have not studied Russian Literature.
Have you attended college?
Where have you attended college?
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Present Perfect
• For regular verbs, the past participle is the
same as the simple past form of the verb:
– Verb + -ed
• Irregular verbs have special past participle
forms (see p. 20-21).
• It stinks, but you just have to memorize
them.
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Use the present perfect to talk about situations that
began in the past and continue up until now.
These traditions have continued for 5,000
years.
Grown-ups have always given red envelopes
of money to children.
5,000 years
ago
Today
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Use the present perfect to talk about events that
have or haven’t happened before now.
Has Julia ever seen a dragon parade?
No, Julia has never seen one.
1990
Today
no dragon parades
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For & Since
• Use FOR to show the duration of time of an event that
continues to the present moment.
– She has worked here for several years.
– I have lived in Houston for nine months.
• Use SINCE with specific dates or times to show the start
of an event that continues into the present moment.
– She has worked here since 1992.
– I have lived in Houston since January.
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Use the present perfect to talk about an event that
has occurred repeatedly from a point in the past to
the present time.
Have you ever seen a dragon parade?
Yes, I have. I have seen many dragon
parades.
1990
Today
many dragon parades
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Ever
• Ever = at any time in the past
• Has she ever studied English?
• Have you ever slept past noon?
• Only use negative forms of ever
(not/never) in statements. DO NOT use
them in questions.
– Has she never studied English? (BAD!!!)
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Practice
• Complete Exercise 4, 5, and 7 (p. 39-40)
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Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
• Simple Past – only actions or events that
are COMPLETED.
• Present Perfect – actions or events that
continue to NOW.
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What’s the difference?
• She’s been skinny all her life.
• Vs.
• She was slender all of her life.
• Don’t accidently “kill” a person – watch
your verb tenses!
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Another Example
• I have worked there for ten years.
• Vs.
• I worked there for 10 years.
• Don’t accidently “quit” your job – watch
your verb tenses!
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Definite or Indefinite Time
• Simple Past = a DEFINITE time in the
past.
• Present Perfect = an INDEFINITE time.
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Example:
• She studied English last year. (definite)
• Vs.
• She has studied English. (indefinite)
15
Another Example
• The dogs got their shots last week.
(definite)
• Vs.
• The dogs have had their shots. (indefinite)
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Practice
• Complete Exercise 13 (p. 44)
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PRACTICE 1 – Ask Your Partner
1. Have you ever driven a bus?
2. Have you ever played baseball?
3. Have you ever ridden a camel?
4. Have you ever broken your arm?
5. Have you ever eaten Chinese sweets?
6. Have you ever gone skydiving?
7. Have you ever won a prize?
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Present Perfect Progressive Affirmative
• Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb –ing
•
•
•
•
You have been studying English.
The dogs have been eating dinner.
They have been finding the answers.
He has been working on the project.
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Present Perfect Progressive Negative
• Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Verb –ing
•
•
•
•
You have not been studying English.
The dogs have not been eating dinner.
They have not been finding the answers.
He has not been working on the project.
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Present Perfect Progressive Questions
• Have/Has + S + Been + Verb –ing
• ?Word + Have/Has + S + Been + Verb -ing
•
•
•
•
Have you been studying English?
Have the dogs been eating dinner?
Where have been finding the answers?
How has he been working on the project?
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Use the present perfect progressive to talk about
the duration of an activity that began in the past
and continues to the present.
We have been celebrating the Chinese New
Year for a week now.
My grandmother has been decorating the
house for the New Year since this morning.
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Use the present perfect progressive to talk about
the duration of an activity that began in the past
and continues to the present.
Meng’s grandparents have been giving
him money for the New Year since he was
a little boy.
How long?
My sister has been waiting all year to see
the dragon parade.
How long?
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For non-progressive (stative) verbs, use the
present perfect to express duration
• This room has smelled like smoke for the
past hour.
• My sister has known her husband for 20
years.
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For some verbs, duration can be expressed by
either present perfect or present perfect
progressive.
• Only when the verb expresses the
duration of present activities or situations
that happen usually:
– Live, work, teach, study, wear glasses, play
football, etc.
• How long have you lived here?
• How long have you been living here?
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When present perfect progressive is used without
a time expression, it means a general activity is in
progress recently/lately.
• I’ve been thinking about looking for a
different job.
• All of the students have been studying
hard.
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PRACTICE –
Part I - Identify the correct verb form(s).
Present Perfect (P)?
Present Perfect Progressive (PP)?
Or Both (B)?
1. We (celebrate) Chinese New Year all week! ____
PP
P
2. I (see) two dragon parades so far this week. ____
B
3. My brother (eat) a lot of candy during New Year’s. ____
B
4. He (feel) ill all day today. ____
5. He (be) sick since this morning. ____
P
6. My mother (take care of) my brother today. She hasn’t left
PP
his side. ____
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PRACTICE –
Part II – Complete the sentence with the correct verb
form(s).
1. We ____________________(celebrate)
have been celebrating
Chinese New Year all
week!
2. I ______________(see)
have seen
two dragon parades so far this week.
has eaten
has been eating
3. My brother _________________
(eat) a lot of candy during
New Year’s.
has felt
4. He _________________(feel)
ill all day today.
has been feeling
has been
5. He _________________(be)
sick since this morning.
has been taking care of
6. My mother ____________________(take
care of) my brother
today. She hasn’t left his side.
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Listening Practice
• Complete Exercise 18 and 20 – p. 48-49
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Practice
• Complete Exercises 16 and 19 p. 47-49
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According to legend, the tradition of the Chinese New Year
began long ago with a fight against a man-eating beast called
the Nian. It had been devouring villagers all over China. The
villagers had asked for the help of a great lion spirit, which
came and attacked the Nian, driving it away. The following
year, the lion spirit was protecting the Emperor's palace, so
the Nian attacked the people again just as it had been doing
for centuries. To defend themselves, the people used bamboo
and cloth to make huge, brightly colored statues of lions and
dragons to scare the Nian away. The people carried the
statues and danced around the villages with them. This was
the first dragon parade.
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Past Perfect
• Subject + Had + Past Participle
• I had hiked for four hours by then.
• She had not eaten dinner before they went
out.
• Had she gone to a concert before?
• Where had she studied before?
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The past perfect expresses an activity that was
completed before another activity or time in the
past.
By the time we got to the park last night, the
fireworks had already finished.
Fireworks
began.
Fireworks
finished.
We
arrived.
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The past perfect expresses an activity that was
completed before another activity or time in the
past.
Jim said that he had never seen fireworks
before in his entire life.
Jim is
born.
Jim
arrived at
the park.
Fireworks
began.
(no fireworks)
First time he
saw fireworks
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Relationship Between Events
• Two events happened in the past.
• You need to say which one happened first.
• Use past perfect to describe the event that
happened first.
• Use simple past to describe the second
event.
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Examples:
• Events:
– Completed the Exam (1st)
– Felt Relieved (2nd)
– I had just completed the exam. I felt very relieved.
– I had just completed the exam, so I felt very relieved.
– I felt very relieved because I had just completed the
exam.
– Explanation: at the point in time when I finished the
exam, I felt relieved (because it was over)
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Examples:
• Events:
– Miguel called (3rd)
– I wasn’t there (2nd)
– I went to a meeting (1st)
– Miguel called me this morning, but I wasn’t there. I
had gone to a meeting.
– I had gone to a meeting, so I wasn’t there this
morning when Miguel called.
– Explanation: at the point in time that Miguel called, I
had left.
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Practice
• Complete Exercise 23, p. 51
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Past Perfect Progressive
• Subject + Had + Been + Verb –ing
• I had been hiking for hour hours by the
time he arrived.
• The police had not been looking for the
criminal long when they found him.
• Had it been four years since you saw him
last?
• Why had it been so long since you went to
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the doctor last month?
Practice
• Complete Exercise 30 – p. 55
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Use the past perfect progressive to emphasize the
duration of an activity that was in progress before
another activity or time in the past.
Steven had been watching the dragon parade
for thirty minutes when he remembered he had
a lunch date.
Steven’s friends had been waiting for him
since twelve-thirty.
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Use the past perfect progressive to express an
activity in progress close in time to another activity
or time in the past.
• When Judy got home, her hair was still
wet because she had been swimming.
• I went to Ed’s house after the funeral. His
eyes were red because he had been
crying.
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PRACTICE 3
What happened first?
1. The spectators had been watching the dragon parade for awhile
when it started to rain.
a. It started to rain.
b. The spectators watched the parade.
2. The dragon parade had already ended before the tour bus arrived
in Chinatown.
a. The tour bus arrived in Chinatown.
b. The dragon parade ended.
3. The Nian had been terrorizing the people for centuries before they
asked the great lion spirit for help.
a. The people asked the great lion spirit for help.
b. The Nian terrorized the people.
4. After the great lion spirit had driven the Nian away, the villagers
reported the good news.
a. Villagers reported the good news.
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b. The great lion spirit drove the Nian away.
Whole Class Practice
• As a class, we will look at Exercise 32 on
p. 57
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Practice
• Complete Exercise 31 – p. 56
• Complete Exercise 33 (listening) – p. 58
• Complete Chapter Review Packet
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CREDITS
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education and
its licensors. All rights reserved.
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