Transcript - SlideBoom

The Principal Parts of a Verb
• Today we are learning to recognize the
principal parts of a verb and use them in
writing.
– Every verb has four principal parts: the present,
the past, and the past participle.
Regular Verbs
• Form the past tense by adding –ed or –d to
the end
Present
Present
Participle
Past
Past Participle
look
(is) look + ing
look + ed
(has) look + ed
work
(is) work + ing
work + ed
(has) work + ed
Irregular Verbs
past
Present
Past
Past Partciple
Group 1:
The forms of the present,
past, and the past
participle are the same
burst
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
set
shut
burst
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
set
shut
(has) burst
(has) cost
(has) cut
(has) hit
(has) hurt
(has) let
(has) put
(has) set
(has) shut
Group 2:
The forms of the past and
the past participle are the
same
bring
catch
get
lay
lead
lend
lose
make
say
sit
seek
teach
brought
caught
got
laid
led
lent
lost
made
said
sat
sought
taught
(has) brought
(has) caught
(has) got or gotten
(has) laid
(has) led
(has) lent
(has) lost
(has) made
(has) said
(has) sat
(has) sought
(has) taught
Irregular Verbs
Present
Past
Past Participle
Group 3:
The vowel changes
from i to u.
begin
drink
ring
shrink
sink
spring
swim
began
drank
rang
shrank
sank
sprang or sprung
swam
(has) begun
(has) drunk
(has) rung
(has) shrunk
(has) sunk
(has) sprung
(has) swum
Group 4:
The past participle
is formed by adding
–n or –en to the
past.
beat
break
choose
lie
speak
steal
tear
wear
beat
broke
chose
lay
spoke
stole
tore
wore
(has) beaten
(has) broken
(has) chosen
(has) lain
(has) spoken
(has) stolen
(has) torn
(has) worn
Irregular Verbs
Group 5:
The past participle
is formed from the
present--frequently
by adding –n, -en,
or –ne
Past
Present
Past Participle
blow
do
draw
eat
give
go
grow
know
rise
run
see
take
throw
write
blew
did
drew
ate
gave
went
grew
knew
rose
ran
saw
took
threw
wrote
(has) blown
(has) done
(has) drawn
(has) eaten
(has) given
(has) gone
(has) grown
(has) known
(has) risen
(has) run
(has) seen
(has) taken
(has) thrown
(has) written
Practice and Apply
• Choose the correct form of the verb in parenthesis
1.
The Hubble Space Telescope has (maked, made) astronomers hungry for more information
about the universe.
2.
They are (seeking, sought) new information about the creation of the universe.
3.
NASA has (wanted, want) to send even better telescopes into space.
4.
NASA (chose, choosed) four new telescope projects: Interferometry Mission (SIM), Next
Generation Space Telescope (NGST), and Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF).
5.
By the year 2050, astronomers will have (took, taken) a new look at the universe with the
help of the new telescopes.
6.
Hubble’s replacements will be able to see through the clouds of gas that (gotten, got) in the
way before.
7.
SIRTF will (detect, detected) infrared light.
8.
By the end of its five-year life, SIRTF will have (cut, cutted) through clouds of gases to
reveal superplanets and very dim stars called brown dwarfs.
9.
SIM will (spot, spotting) individual stars in clusters.
10. Hubble has (brang, brought) us blurry images of clustered stars.
Forming Verb Tenses
• Today we are learning to recognize the forms
of various verb tenses and to use them in
writing.
– A tense is a verb form that shows the time of an
action or condition. A verb’s tense is from its
principal parts.
Simple Tenses
• Present
– Occurs regularly or is generally true:
– Is occurring in the present
– Occurs regularly
• Past
– Shows an action or condition occurred in the past
• Future
– Shows an action or condition will occur in the
future
Perfect Tenses
• Present Perfect
– An action or a condition was completed at one or
more indefinite times in the past
– Began in the past and continues in the present
• Past Perfect
– An action or condition in the past that preceded
another past action or condition
• Future Perfect
– An action or condition in the future will precede
another future action or condition.
Progressive Tenses
• Present progressive
– Shows an action that is now in progress
• Past progressive
– Shows an action that continued over time in the
past
• Future progressive
– Shows an action that will be in progress in the
future
Perfect Progressive Tenses
• Present perfect progressive
– Shows an action that began in the past and is still
in progress
• Past perfect progressive
– Shows an action that was in progress in the past
when another action happened
• Future perfect progressive
– Shows an action in progress when another action
will happen
Page 136 Language Network
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2.
3.
Books offer us pleasure and opened doorways to other places and times.
Right now, Shay was reading a book.
Although she is in the library, her mind had been transported to another
time and place.
4. By the end of the day, who knows how far she has traveled.
5. Perhaps Mark Twain invites her on a trip down the Mississippi while she
was choosing something to read.
6. As she scanned the shelves, maybe a pioneer family had made room for
her on a journey westward.
7. Yesterday she is thinking about ocean voyages.
8. Now she will be following the Titanic across the Atlantic.
9. If tomorrow she thinks about circling the globe, undoubtedly she
chooses Jules Verne’s famous novel.
10. After all, Verne’s Around the World in Eighty Days had taken many an
armchair traveler on an exciting adventure.
Using Verb Tenses
• Writing about the Present
– Simple present tense: shows an action or condition that is
continuously true.
• I run everyday. I eat rice flour. I love dogs.
– Present progressive: shows an action that is now in
progress.
• I am writing about verbs. My dog is running around the yard.
– Present perfect: shows an action or condition that began in
the past and continues into the present.
• I have lost my keys. She has eaten dinner.
– Present perfect progressive: shows an action that began in
the past and is still in progress.
• We have been studying verbs all week. She has been eating
cookies all day.
Using Verb Tenses
• Writing about the past
– Simple past: shows actions that were completed in the
past.
• I went to Europe. We ate on top of the Eiffel Tower.
– Past progressive: shows an action that continued over time
in the past.
• I was eating lobster all summer.
– Past perfect: shows an action in the past that came before
other actions in the past.
• I had shopped at all the store before I found a dress. We had been
to all the restaurants before we chose to eat at Sonny’s.
– Past perfect progressive: shows an action that was in
progress in the past when another action happened.
• I had been texting while driving when I hit the car in front of me!
Using Tenses
• Writing about the future
– Simple future: shows a condition that will occur in the future
• I will eat plenty of lobster this summer.
– Future progressive: shows an action that will be in progress in
the future.
• I will be driving up to New Hampshire soon.
– Future perfect: shows an action in the future that will occur
before another action.
• You will have finished the ninth grade before you can begin tenth
grade.
– Future perfect progressive: shows an action in progress in the
future when another action will happen
• Bobby will have been working eight hours before he can call it a day.
Page 140 Language Network
1.
2.
3.
Often I am wondering if I would have the courage to survive in the wilderness.
You never knew what you can do until you are put to the test.
Yossi Ghinsberg’s story was so engrossing that I feel that I was with him in the
jungle.
4. He has been traveling with three other men when his personal tale of survival
began.
5. The group split up: two headed back to civilization, but Ghinsberg will continue
with Kevin.
6. As the two careened down the river on a handmade raft, they run into rapids,
rocks, and whirlpools.
7. During one accident, they became separated, and Ghinsberg will find himself
alone on the raft.
8. Kevin shouts, “Hang on tight!” just before Ghinsberg plunged over a waterfall.
9. I am gasping for breath as he described the horrible dance of death in the raging
waters.
10. He almost drowned, but he finally struggles to the riverbank, about to face even
deadlier challenges.
Journal Entry: Using Tenses
• Write about yourself using all the tenses.
– Paragraph One: Present
– Paragraph Two: Past
– Paragraph Three: Future
Shifts in Tense
• Most of the time us the same verb tense within
each sentence
• However, if you want to express an interrupted
action you will shift tense:
– Teddy was running towards the ball when I caught it
instead.
• Or to use a different tense as a point of reference.
– Misty had been eating apples all day when she
decided to invest in an orchard.
Page 143 Language Network
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
One day John McPhee was flying a helicopter over Alaska, and he (is seeing, saw) an old
plane wreck down below.
He (was traveling, travels) with officials who were looking for a site for a new state capital.
He learned that the plane was a World War II bomber; it (had crashed, will have crashed)
during a training flight.
The crew of five (will be conducting, was conducting) some tests when some of the plane’s
controls broke.
Three of the crew members (were, have been) able to parachute out after the plane went
into a spin.
A search team later found the burned remains of the other two crew members in the
crashed plane; they (had failed, were failing) to get out in time.
Leon Crane piloted the plane; he (had been, was) the only one of the five who survived.
After Crane (has waited, waits) eight days for a rescue team, he set off to search for help.
Just as Crane (begins, was beginning) to lose his strength, he reached a cabin that was
stocked with food.
Crane’s story is just one part of McPhee’s book; Coming into the Country (contains,
contained) several other accounts of Alaska.
Active and Passive Voice
• Active Voice
– When a verb’s subject performs the action expressed
by the verb
• Myra wrote the novel.
• Passive Voice
– When a verb’s subject receives the action expressed
by the verb
• The novel was written by Myra.
• Use passive voice only to emphasize the receive
of the action or if you do not know the performer
of the action.
Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice
1. Determine the verb and the performer of the
action.
*The bone was eaten by the dog.
2. Move the performer of the action before the
verb and change the verb to the active voice.
*The dog ate the bone.
3. Make sure the verb agrees in number with
the new subject.
Page 145 Language Network
1.
In 1986, the first section of the space station Mir was launched by
Russia.
2. Years later, another space station was created by Gene Roddenberry for
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.
3. Undoubtedly, Roddenberry’s station would be preferred by anyone who
has ever dreamed of living in space.
4. In 1997 alone, many disasters were suffered by Mir’s crew members.
5. A science lab was severely damaged by fire.
6. In June 1997, Mir was rammed by a 65-ton unmanned cargo ship.
7. A hole was punctured in the hull by the strong impact.
8. Also, a solar panel was destroyed by the crash.
9. The space station was also plagued by computer failures.
10. At one point, departure in the escape capsule had been considered by
the frightened crew.
Mood of a Verb
• Conveys the status of the action or condition:
– Indicative mood: to make statements and ask questions.
• I like to eat apples.
• Why do horses like apples too?
– Imperative mood: make a request or give a command.
Often the subject you is understood.
• Get me some tea, please!
• Will you stop worrying?
– Subjunctive mood: express a wish or state a condition that
is contrary to fact. Use were instead of was
• I wish I were able to run 100 miles!
• The school requires that students be in homeroom by 8am.
Page 147 Language Network
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2.
3.
In your letter, you wrote, “I wish I were older”.
Why are you in a hurry?
If your wish were granted, you would soon want to be younger.
What a waste of time! Each person is born in a certain space and
time.
4. Nothing he or she does will ever change that.
5. Don’t waste energy wishing for the impossible.
6. Spend the time you do have on learning, growing, and enjoying
what life has to offer.
7. John Adams once said, “Facts are stubborn things; and whatever
may be our wishes…they cannot alter the state of facts..”
8. The fact is that you are the age you are.
9. Take full advantage of that fact, and
10. use your precious time more wisely.