Transcript PowerPoint
Clauses
{
Independent and Dependent
Clauses
A clause is a group of
words that contains both a
subject and a verb.
{ INDEPENDENT {
An independent
clause can stand
alone and
function as a
complete thought
or idea.
DEPENDENT
A dependent
clause cannot
stand alone; it
relies/depends on
the rest of the
sentence to
function as a
complete thought
or idea.
Dependent clauses will function in one
of three ways:
• Words that
can start
noun
clauses:
•How
•However
•That
•What
•Whatever
•When
•Where
•Which
•Whichever
•Who/Whom
•Whoever
•Whose
•Why
clauses will
begin with
relative
pronouns or
relative
adverbs and
answer these
questions:
Which one?
What kind?
How many?
How much?
• Words that
can start
adjective
clauses:
•That
•Which
•Who/whom
•Whose
Adverb
will function
as the subject,
do, io, pn, op.
• Adjective
Adjective
Noun
• Noun clauses
• Adverb clauses will begin
with subordinating
conjunctions and answer
these questions:
How? When? Where? Why?
To what extent?
• Words that can start adverb
clauses:
•After
*Since
•Although
*So long as
•As
*Though
•As far as
*Unless
•As if
*Until
•As long as
*When
•As soon as
*Whenever
•As though
*Where
•Because
*Wherever
•Before
*Where
•Even though *Wherever
•If
*Whereas
•Inasmuch as *While
•In order that *So that
•Provided that *Than
Noun Clauses: In order to properly identify these, it is
crucial that you understand the functions of a noun.
Subject- What the sentence is about.
Whoever chose that color scheme is a genius.
Direct Object- Follows an ACTION verb and answers the question who?
or what? is receiving the action.
Travis decided what we were doing after prom.
Indirect Object- Also follows an ACTION verb. Will come between the
verb and direct object and will answer to whom/for what the action was
given.
My mom gave whoever would listen a harangue.
Predicate nominative- Follows a LINKING verb. Renames the subject of
the sentence.
My birthday gift was what I wanted, a guitar.
Object of a preposition- the noun or pronoun of the prepositional
phrase.
We talked about why the war happened, but we still didn’t understand.
Appositive- Renames the noun or pronoun that came before it.
Chris’s favorite memory, when he won the gold medal, is also his favorite
topic of conversation.
Adjective Clauses: These clauses will always follow the noun
or pronoun they modify. They will include a subject and
verb and all modifiers of THAT clause.
Tori asked the girl who was selling cookies a question, but she did not receive
an answer.
We watched the meteor shower that our teacher had mentioned in class.
The superhero whom the boy admired most was Captain America.
That is the chef whose food you recommended.
The school board proposed a plan, which many opposed, yet it surprisingly
passed.
The area where we live is mostly rural, but it is close to the city.
My parents told me the reasons why I cannot go on spring break.
You were born during a time when technology is ever present.
Adverb Clauses: These clauses will modify verbs, adjectives, or other
adverbs. Look for the subordinating conjunctions to begin them. An
introductory adverb clause will ALWAYS be followed by a comma.
Often, these clauses can be moved around the sentence without
changing the meaning.
She took a nap while the baby was sleeping.
Your test will be next week unless I change my mind.
If the play is cancelled, the class will see the movie instead.
The sprinter was faster than the distance runner.*** (was fast is implied)
As long as you love me, I’ll be your silver; I’ll be your platinum; I’ll be your
gold. (Will be is the verb)
Levi went to doctor after he fell down the elevator shaft.
The puppy followed Alannah wherever she went.
Even though they lost, the team still played well.