Transcript 翻译课件

Chapter1 Translation
(main introduction)
Section I
Translation: Implication
and Nature
The Implication of Translation
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A.“译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。”（贾公彦）
B. “To translate is to change into another language,
retaining the sense.”
C. “It is rendering the meaning of a text into
another language in the way that the author
intended the text.”
D. “ Translating consists in reproducing in the
receptor language the closest natural equivalent of
the source language, first in terms of meaning and
secondly in terms of style.”
E. “翻译是用一种语言（目的语）的文本材料对等地再
现另一种语言（源语言）的文本材料。”
• “Translation is a communicative
act between different languages
and cultures achieved through
selecting the nearest equivalent
in the target language for
message units in the source
language.”
The Nature of Translation
A Dialectical Attitude
“He (the translator) works on four levels:
translation is first a science , which entails the
knowledge and verification of the facts and the
language the describes them here, what is
wrong, mistakes of truth, can be identified;
secondly, it is a skill, which calls for appropriate
language and acceptable usage; thirdly, an art,
which distinguishes good from undistinguished
writing and is the creative, the intuitive,
sometimes the inspired, level of the translation;
lastly, a matter of taste, where argument
ceases, preferences are expressed, and the
individual differences.”
Section II
• Translation:
Standard and Process
2.1 The Standard of
Translation
• 2．1．1
• (1) A translation should give a complete
transcript of the ideas of the original
work. (译作应完全复写出原作的思想。)
• (2) The style and manner of writing should
be of the same character as that of the
original. (译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同
一性质。)
• (3) A translation should have all the ease
of the original composition. (译作应与原作
同样流畅。)
2．1．2
Yan Fu’s Criteria
Faithfulness; Expressiveness; Elegance
Faithfulness
Eg1: The key challenge facing any sizeable
organization today is how to achieve
responsiveness without losing the control
inherent in a hierarchical structure.
译文：如今具有一定规模的组织机构所面临的主
要挑战是，如何作出快速反应，灵活应对，
同时不失去层级制结构特有的控制。
改译：如今具有一定规模的组织机构所面临的主
要挑战是，如何在获得快速反应能力的同时，
继续保持层级制结构特有的管理能力。
Eg2: “Maude Louise Sqirewell, heh, heh.
Boy, you people really have more
names, don’t you?”
译文：“莫德 路易斯 斯夸尔韦尔，嘿嘿。
小伙子，你们这些人真的也有名字吗？”
改译：“莫德 路易斯 斯夸尔韦尔，嘿嘿。
好家伙，你们这号人竟然也有名有姓，
恩？”
Eg3: If people mean anything at all by
the expression of “untimely death”,
they must believe that some deaths
run on a better schedule than others.
译文：如果有人通过“死的太早”这种说
法来意味什么的话，他一定认为有些死
亡比另一些在时间上来的更好。
改译：说起“早逝”，人们或有所指，他
们定然相信有些死亡更和天意。
Expressiveness
Eg1: Writers cannot bear the fact that poet
John Keats died at 26, and only half
playfully judge their own lives as failures
when they pass that year.
译文：作家们无法忍受这一事实；约翰 济慈二
十六岁时就死了，于是就几乎半开玩笑地评
判他们自己的一生是个失败，这时，他们才
刚刚过了一半。
改译：诗人约翰 济慈二十六岁便溘然长逝，作
家们对此深感惋惜。在他们过了二十六岁后，
便不无戏谑地叹息自己一生无所作为。
Eg2: On Sunday after the rain there
was an April glory and freshness in
the valley added to the quiet of the
later summer.
译文：在雨后的星期天，田野里出现了一
种四月的光荣和新鲜，给这晚夏增添了
一丝安静。
改译：在雨后的星期天，除了夏末的恬静，
山野里还透露着四月的光辉和新生气息。
2.2 The Process of Translation
(1) 理解
(2) 表达
(3) 校对
(1)理解
1.从整体上把握原文的文体风格;
2.分析语篇结构,抓住中心思想,理顺逻辑关系;
Eg1. The tyre was certainly flat but I didn’t mind
so much, although the same can’t be said for
my husband, John, who was having quite a lot
to say about it. It gave me time to admire the
view anyway.
译文: 车胎肯定是瘪了,我并不在乎,可我丈夫约翰觉得倒
霉,在一旁抱怨个不停.这正好让我可以欣赏一下路
边的景色了.
改译:车胎肯定是瘪了,可我并不在乎,尽管我丈夫觉得倒
霉唠叨个不停.车胎瘪了,我正好可以欣赏一下路边
的景色.
3. 进行语言分析;
Eg2: New machines or techniques are
not merely a product, but a source,
of creative ideas.
译文:新的机器、新的技术不仅是一种产品,
而且是创造性思想的源泉.
改译: 新的机器、新的技术不仅仅是创造
性思想的结晶,而且是创造性思想的源泉.
4. 掌握原作的背景知识,以及原作相关的
专门知识.
(2)表达
1.语言规范;
2.表达要充分,恰到好处,切不可添枝加叶或任意
删减.
Eg3. However, as the company becomes
larger and more complex, this control
breaks down and more structured
operating and management processes
are required.
译文: 然而,随着企业越来越大,越来越复杂,这种
控制必将失效,这时,就需要结构更加完善的
经营环节和管理环节.
改译: 随着企业规模扩大,机构增多,……
(3)校对
第一遍 对照原文,检查有无疏漏、误译的
地方,特别要注意人名、地名、日期、
数字等是否准确;
第二遍 脱离原文,检查译文中有无生硬拗
口的地方.
Section III
Literal Translation & Free Translation
• 直译: 就是在合乎译文语言规范的情况
下,通过保留原文的语言形式,包括词句结
构、修辞手段、语音格律等,来保持原作
的内容和风格.
Eg1. Many of his ideas are specially
interesting to modern youth.
译文: 他的许多观点对当代青年特别感兴
趣.
改译: 他的许多观点,当代青年特别感兴趣.
• 与死译不同, 死译过于拘泥原文的词句结
构,往往字句对照,结果不符合译语表达习
惯,文字生硬晦涩.
• 意译: 是从意义出发,不注重原文的语言
形式,而采用译文语言中功能与原文相同
或相似的表达方式,力求作到虽失原作风
貌,不失原作内容与风格.
Eg2. All this time I had gone on loving Dora
harder ever. Her idea was my refuge in
disappointment and distress and made
some amends to me ever for the loss of my
friend.
译文1: 在这全部期间,我愈来愈爱朵拉了. 她的影
子是我在失望和痛苦中的避难所,甚至补偿了
我在朋友方面的损失. (董秋斯译)
译文2: 在所有这个时期里,我对朵拉的爱却一直
与日俱增.我意念中的她就是我失意烦恼中的
慰籍;即使好友失去,都可以此消忧解愁.(张谷
若译)
Chapter 2
Translation skills (1)
1.1 The Extension of Words
一. 将词义作抽象化的引申。
1.将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性
的词。
Eg.(1).There is a mixture of the tiger and
the ape in character of the imperialists.
帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。
（2）Every life has its roses and thorns .
每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
2. 将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词
。
Eg.1.In fact ,the Bavarian environment was so changed with Nazi
sentiment throughout the1920s that Hitler’s storm troops
goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930.
事实上，在整个二十年代，纳粹挡在巴伐和亚一带已博得公众的好
感，以至于在一九三零年，希特勒的冲锋队员就耀武扬威地夺取了
菲尔特镇的权利。
2.See-sawing between partly good and faintly
ominous ,the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.
在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，
两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。
二.将词义作具体化的引申
1．英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示一种具
体事物，译成汉语时一般可作具体化引申。
Eg.①As the Politburo gave the go-ahead the
Brizhinew, Nixon and Kissingger were meeting in
the President’s Kremline apartment ,prepared to
accept a setback on SALT.
在政治局向勃列日涅天开放绿灯，尼克松和基辛格在克
里姆林宫的总统下榻处开会，准备承受限制战略武器会
谈失败的挫折。
②Veitnam was his entree to the new
Administration, his third incarnation as a foreign
policy consultant.
越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖，他担任政府的对
外政策顾问，那是第三次了。
2.英语中有些词在特定的上下文中，其含义是清
楚的，但译成汉语时还必须做具体化的引申，否
则就不够清楚。
Eg.①.The car in front me stalled and I missed
the green.
我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯。
②.Jewish-owned shops were shut down.
Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars .The
walls of anti-Semitism were closing in .
犹太人的铺子关闭了。X字旗取代了六角星旗。
反犹太主义的包围圈一天紧似一天。
1.2 Conversion
一. Translate the words as Verbs.
Eg. He admires the President’s stated
decision to fight for the job .
• 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗
表示钦佩。
㈠.n.-v.
1．
Eg.①.Rockets have found application for the
exploration of the universe .
火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
②.An acquaintance of world history is
helped to the study of current affairs.
读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。
③.His very appearance at any affair
proclaims it a triumph.
无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。
2.
Eg.①.The sight and sound of our jet planes
filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令
我特别神往。
② As the week drew to a close , the
enemy rout was complete .
一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。
③.A glance through his office window
offers a panoramic view of the Washington
Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑
和林肯纪念馆的全景。
3.
Eg.①.I’m afraid I can’t teach you
swimming .I think my little brother is a
better teacher than I.
• 我不会叫你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
②. Talking with his son, the old man was
the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong
doings.
• 在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干
的坏事。
（二）.Preposition --- verb
Eg. ①.Party officials worked long hours on
meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.
党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微
弱的灯光，长时间的工作。
②. “Coming！”Away she skimmed over
the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across
the
veranda and into the porch.
“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，
跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。
（三）adj.—verb
• confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry,
sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware,
concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed,
thankful, anxious, grateful, able
Eg. ①.Doctors have said that they are not
sure they can save his life.
医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
②. The fact that she was able to send a
message was a hint. But I had to be
cautious.
她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是
必须小心谨慎。
（四）adv.—v.
Eg. ①.As he ran out, he forgot to have
his shoes on.
他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。
②.That day he was up before sunrise.
哪天他在日出以前就起床了。
③. She opened the window to let
fresh air in.
她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。
二 Translate the words as Nouns.
㈠. v. – n.
1.v.--- n.
Eg. ①.Formality has always characterized
their relationship.
他们之间的关系有一个特点就是以礼相待。
②.As the war progressed, he would
symbolize their frustration , the
embodiment of all evils.
随着战争的进行，他成了他们受挫的象征，成
了一切坏事的化身。
③.To them , he personified the absolute
power.
在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
2. v. --- n.
Eg. ①.In the early dawn, the guard
towers were sillouetted against the
sky.
黎明时，天空映出了嘹望塔的轮廓。
㈡．Some verbs in the passive voice, we can
translate these verbs into the structure of “遭
受到…+n.” “予（加）以+n.”
Eg. ①.Snow was treated very shabbily by
the U.S. press and officialdom during this
period, victimized for his views.
• 在这期间，斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不
公正的对待，由于他的观点，他受到了迫害。
②.Satellites, however, must be closely
watched, for they are constantly being
tugged at by the gravitational attraction
of the sun, moon and earth.
• 由于经常受到太阳，月亮及地球引力的影响，
卫星活动必须加以密切地观察。
(三). adj. – n.
1. the + adj.
Eg. ①They did their best to help the
sick and the wounded .
他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
②.Robin Hood and his merry men
hated the rich and loved and
protected the poor.
罗宾汉和他 的伙伴痛恨阔人，热爱并保
护穷人。
2.some others
Eg. ①. Stevenson was eloquent and
elegant — but soft.
史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。
②.The Wilde family were religious.
王尔德全家都是虞诚的教徒。
③.They were considered insincere.
他们被人认为是伪君子。
三 .The conversion of Adj.
㈠. n.  adj.
Eg. ①.The pallor of her face indicated
clearly how she was feeling at the
moment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情
绪。
②The security and warmth of the
destroyer’s sick bay were wonderful.
驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了。
㈡nouns adj.
Eg. ①. As he is perfect stranger in
the city, I hope you will give him the
necessary help.
• 他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能
给他必要的帮助。
②. The blockade was a success.
• 封锁很成功。
四.The conversion of adj. and adv.
1．AdjAdv.
Eg. ①.It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the president’s
reasons for willing to begin a Chinese – American dialogue.
这篇发言清楚明白，心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。
2. Adv.Adj.
Eg. ①.He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.
他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。
②.The president had prepared meticulously for his journey.
总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。
3. Adj. Adv.
Eg. ①. This is sheer nonsense.
这完全是胡说。
②.Buckley was in a clear minority.
巴克利显然属于少数。
五.The conversion of Noun and Adv.
1.Noun – Adv.
Eg. The new mayor earned some
appreciation by the courtesy of coming
to visit the city poor .
新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得
了他们的一些好感。
2.Adv. – Noun.
Eg. He is physically weak but mentally
sound.
他身体虽弱，但精神饱满。
Chapter 3
Translation skills (2)
--- AmplificationⅠ
一. According to the need of meaning or rhetoric.
Eg. After the banquets, the concerts
and table tennis exhibition.
在宴会，音乐会，乒乓球表演之后。
在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓
球表演之后。
㈠. To amplify Verb
Eg. ①. In the evening, after the
banquets, the concerts and the table
tennis exhibition, he would work on the
drafting of the final communiqué.
• 晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓
球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。
②. There were no speeches, no foreign
diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with
paper flags and bouquets of flowers.
• 没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也
没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗，花束的场
面。
㈡．To amplify Adj.
Eg. ①.With what enthusiasm the
Chinese people are building socialism.
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会
主义啊！
②.The plane twisted under me, trailing
flame and smoke.
(敌人的)飞机在下面螺旋下降，拖着浓烟
烈焰掉了下去。
㈢. To amplify Adv.
Eg. ①.The crowds melted away.
人群渐渐散开了。
②. As he sat down and began talking,
words poured out.
他一坐下来讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没
完。
㈣．To amplify Noun
1. To amplify a noun after vi.
Eg. ①. Many washed for a living after her
husband died of acute pneumonia.
玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服
维持生活。
②. First you borrow, then you beg.
头一遭借钱，下一遭讨饭。
2． To amplify n. in front of Adj.
Eg. ①.This type writer is indeed cheap and
fine.
这部打字机真是价廉物美。
3． To amplify n. behind abstract noun.
Eg. ①. After all preparation were made, the
planes were flow across the U.S. to
San Francisco.
一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国旧金山。
4． To amplify n. after specific n.
Eg. ①. He felt the patriot rise within his
breast.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
②. He allowed the father to be overruled by
the judge, and declared his son guilty.
他让法官的职责战胜父子之情，而判决他儿子有
罪
㈤. To amplify some words which express the
meaning of plural noun.
1.To amplify the overlapping words to express the complex
number.
Eg. ①. Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
②. Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.
记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。
2.To amplify numeral and other words to express the
complex number.
Eg. ①. The lion is the king of animals.
狮子是百兽之王。
②. The very earth trembled as the tramps of horses and
murmur of angry men.
连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。
㈠.Amplify some words which show
different tenses.
1.
①．I had known two great social systems.
那时以前，我就经历过两大社会制度。
②．The old man had taught the boy to fish
and the boy loved him.
原来是老头儿已教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子
很爱他
2．
①.The old man said, “They say his father was
a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we
are.
老头儿说：“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。
他过去过的也跟我们现在一样穷。
②．The high-altitude plane was and still is a
remarkable bird.
该高空飞机过去是现在仍然是一种了不起的飞机。
Amplification Ⅱ
㈠.
Eg. ①.Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you.
不要认真吗！我不过开开玩笑罢了。
②．As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning.
我呢，从一开始就不赞成。
㈡.
1. Eg. ①. A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
②．Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon.
一钩新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。
2．Eg. ①. Once, they had a quarrel.
有一次，他们争吵了一番。
①.Herb gave her a sly look.
赫伯狡猾地看了她一眼。
㈢.
Eg. ①. In April, there was the “ping”
heard around the world. In July, the
ping “ponged”.
四月里，全世界听到中国“乒的”一声
把球打了出去；到了七月，美国“乓的”
一声把球打了回来。
Amplification Ⅲ
㈠.
Eg. ①. The Americans and the Japanese
conducted a completely secret
exchange of messages.
美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。
②．It is remarkably clear. It shows
streets and factories and a winding
river and docks.
它（照片）十分清晰，从中可以看出街道，工
厂，一条蜿蜒的河流以及石头等。
㈡.
Eg. ①. Yes, I like Chinese food, lots of
people do these days, sort of the
fashion.
不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，
这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧！
②．For mistakes had been made, bad ones.
因为已经犯了许多错误，而且还是很糟糕的错误。
☆ Translation of number in English
• (等值翻译)
A drop in the ocean (沧海一粟)]
With a stone’s throw (一箭之遥)
Kill two birds with one stone (一箭双雕)
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit (吃一堑长一智)
• （不等值翻译）
a sixes and sevens (乱七八糟)
on second thoughts (再三考虑)
by ones and twos (三三两两地，零零落落地)
Chapter 4
Translation skills --Repetition (一)
一To be definitely
㈠. To repeat noun
1. To repeat the nouns which were used as
object.
Eg. ①.Let us revise our safety and sanitary
regulations.
我们来修订安全规则和已生规则吧。
②. They began to study and analyze the
situation of the enemy.
他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
2．To repeat the nouns which were
used as predicative
Eg. ①.He became an oil baron --- all by
himself .
他成了一个石油大王--- 一个白手起家的
石油大王。
②.John is your friend as much as he is
mine.
约翰既是你的朋友，又是我朋友。
3．To repeat the omitted noun before
preposition.
Eg. ①.The doctor will get more practice out
of me than out of seventeen hundred
ordinary patients.
医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从一千七百普通
人身上得到的实践还多。
②.The story of Jurgis is a story of groans
and tears, of poor human beings destroyed
by the capitalist industrial machine.
尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是
资本主义工业机器摧残不幸的
人们的故事。
4． To repeat the nouns which were used
as antecedent
1）. 定语从句中
Eg. ①.May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great
Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for
the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is
now inspiring the world.
让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党，祝贺你们的巨
大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。
②.The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss,
who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there
was little left.
小学徒尤其对老板怕的要死，老板经常整他而且整得很重，简直把
他整疼了。
2）.英语中的同位语，在译文中有时也可以重
复先行词。
Eg. ①. All of these arrangements were a
prelude to the ball, the hostess’ ultimate
prize.
所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是
女主人的最终目的。
②.Water can be decomposed by energy, a
current of electricity.
水是由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。
㈡.To repeat verb.
1．
Eg. ①.Is he a friend or an enemy?
他是个朋友呢，还是敌人？
②.For a good ten minutes, he cursed
me and my brother.
足足有十分钟只久，他既骂我，又骂我的
兄弟。
2.
Eg. ①. We talked of ourselves, of our
prospects. Of the journey, of the
weather, of each other --- of everything
but our host and hostess.
我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，
谈到彼此的情况 --谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
②.And the body lay white and still beneath
the pines, all bathed in sunshine
and in blood.
这具尸体苍白而安静地躺在松树下，浴于阳光中，
浴于血泊中。
☆.Sometimes, we even omit the preposition, but in
our transition, we can repeat the verb.
Eg. ①.But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his
idleness,his carelessness, and the ruin he was
bringing on his family.
可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，
说他粗心，并且说他的一家人都要毁在他的身上。
②.They wanted to determine if he complied with the
termsof his employment and his obligations as an
American.
他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作
为美国公民所应尽的职责。
㈢.To repeat pronoun.
1.
Eg.
①.Jesse opened his eyes, they were
filled with tears.
杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。
②. Each country has its own customs.
各国有各国的风俗。
2.
Eg. ①.Come to my office and have a
talk with me whenever you are free.
你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室
来谈谈。
②. Wherever severe oppression
existed, there would be revolution.
哪里有压迫，哪里就有革命。
3.
Eg. ①.Some have entered college and
others have gone to the countryside.
上大学的，上大学了，下乡的，下乡了。
（有的上大学了，有的下乡了）
②.Some played soccer and others
played basketball.
有的踢足球去了，有的大篮球去了。
☆Eg. ①.He wanted to send them some
aid, more weapons and a few more
men.
他想给他们增加一些援助，增添些武器，
加派些人员。
二. To emphasize
㈠. To repeat the repeated words.
Eg. ①.He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking
and thinking, brooding
and brooding.
他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。
②. Gentlemen may cry peace, peace ---- but there is
no peace.
先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平。但是依然没有和平。
☆ 1. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.
以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
2. Out of sight, out of mind.
眼不见，心不烦。
㈡. If there are repeated words in source
language, in translating, we can
repeat them by using synonym.
Eg. ①. They would read and re-read the
secret notes.
他们往往一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密件。
②. “I know you hate me and I hate you, we
had better part right now.”
“我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱们最好即刻就分
开吧。“
三. To be vivid.
㈠. To use two four-word phrases.
Eg. ①.But there had been too much
publicity about my case.
但我的事现在已搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
②.The street were overrun by Hitler’s
bullies.
那时希特勒的暴徒在街上横行霸道，无恶不
作。
㈡To repeat some words in translating
although there are no words were
repeated.
Eg. ①.I had been completely honest in my
replies.
我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无隐。
②.With his tardiness, carelessness and
appalling good humor, we were sore
perplexed.
他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马糊糊，脾气有好得惊人，
我们都对他毫无办法。
Division
㈠. 1.adv.
Eg. ①.The
Chinese seemed
justifiably proud of their
economic achievement.
中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成
绩而自豪，这是合乎清理的。
②. They, no surprisingly, did not
respond at all.
他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
1. adj.
Eg. ①.Chairman Mao might have spoken with
understandable pride of his
policy of “self-reliance”
毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”政策时，也许有
些自豪，这是可以理解的。
②. That region was the most identifiable
trouble spot.
那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出
来的。
n.
Eg. ①. A movie of me leaving that foxhole
would look like a shell
leaving a rifle.
我离开那个单人掩体速度之快，要是排成电影的
话，会像出膛的
子弹一样。
②. He shook his head and his eyes were wide,
then narrowed in
indignation.
他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条
线，脸上露出了
愤怒的颜色。
3.
1.participle phrase.
Eg. ①.They were at home in the home
of the people, moving confidently
without fear.
他们在群众家里感到自在，行动时心里塌
实，无忧无虑。
②.She sat with her hands cupping her
chin, staring at a corner of the little
kitchen.
她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着小
厨房的一角。
2．Noun phrase
Eg. ①.I wrote four books in first
three years, a record never touched
before.
我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。
②. Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed, a universally accepted law.
能量既不得被创造也不得被消灭，这是一
条普遍公认的规律。
Preposition phrase
Eg. ①.Their power increased with
their number.
他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
②.He arrived in Washington at a ripe
moment internationally.
他来到华盛顿，就国防形势来说，时机正
合适。
㈢.Divide one sentence into two or two more
sentences.
Eg. ①.Sometimes Mrs.Cross would be
walking around in the big kitchen
watching him eat.
有时，可罗斯太太会一面在大厨房踱来踱去，一
面看他吃饭。
②. She had made several attempts to help
them find other rental quarters
without success.
她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，
结果并未成功。
二.Combination.
㈠.
Eg. ①.It was on the early morning of
April(2.1971). The pilots were briefed
in the ready room.
一九七一年四月二日清晨，飞行驾驶员都在待命
接受飞出任务。
②.He was very clean. His mind was open.
他为人单纯而坦率。
㈡.
Eg. ①.When I negotiate, I get nervous when I
get nervous ,I eat.
我在谈判时总是有些紧张，紧张时我就吃点东西。
I’m blest if I know.
我一点儿也不知道。
②.When we praise the Chinese leadership and
the people, we are not
merely being polite.
我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于
礼貌。
㈢. Eg. ①.In 1844 Engels met Marx,
and they become friends.
一八四四年，恩格斯与马克思相遇并成为
朋友。
②.The time was 10:30, and traffic on
the street was light.
十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少
了。
Chapter 6
Translation of Passive Voice
一. Translated into an active sentence.
㈠.
Eg. ①.The whole country was armed in a few
days.
几天以内全国武装起来了。
②.The sense of inferiority that he acquired
in his youth has never been
totally eradicated.
他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消失。
㈡.
Eg. ①.It would be astonishing if that loss
were not keenly felt.
如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪
了。
②.Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his
plan.
(人们)不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划。
㈢．
Eg. ①.The crew were trained at Eglin
field, Fla.
(轰炸机)机组人员是在佛罗里达埃格林空军
基地训练的。
②.The decision to attack was not taken
lightly.
进攻的决定不易轻易作出的。
㈣. Common expression of passive voice in translation.
1.Omit the subject
It is hoped that------It is reported that----It is said that-----It is supposed that----It may be said without fear of exaggeration that---It must be admitted that---It must be pointed out that---It will be seen from this that---2．Amplify the subject
It is asserted that---It is believed that---It is well known that---It will be said that---It was told that----
二. Translate them as Chinese passive voice
㈠. “被-----“ 或“给----”
Eg. ①.Any minute we would surely be
spotted by enemy planes flying in
and out of the airfield.
我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。
②.I started to explain that I could not do
my best since my spectacles had
been taken away from me, but she wouldn’t
let me finish.
我开始解释，我不可能干得很好，因为我的眼镜
已经拿走了，但她不
准我讲完。
㈡ 遭）受----“
Eg. ①.Our foreign policy is supported by
the people all over the world.
我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
②.They were given a hearty welcome.
他们受到热烈欢迎。
㈢.“为---所“
Eg. ①.One the men had been accepted by the
comet organization, they were brought to
Brussels.
士兵们一旦为彗星组织所接受，就被送到布鲁塞尔
去。
②.I was so impressed by these words that I
used them later for a Christmas card.
我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞
贺卡上。
三.Translate them as the sentence with
“把“，“使”，和“由”
Eg. ①.The famous hotel had been
practically destroyed by the big fire.
大火使这著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭。
②.Most letter from his wife, are read
to him by the nurse in the hospital.
他妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的
护士念给他听的。