Transcript 3.词性转换

Conversion of
Parts of Speech
词性转换
Major Types of Conversions
1. Noun → Verb
2. Preposition → Verb
3. N. ↔ Adj.
4. Adj. ↔ Adv.
Nouns Derived from Verbs
1. Rockets have found application for the
exploration of the universe.
2. An acquaintance of world history is
helpful to the study of current affairs.
3. Laser is one of the most sensational
developments in recent year, because of
its applicability to many fields of science
and its adaptability to practical uses.
4. The isolation of the rural world, because
of distance and the lack of transport
facilities, is compounded by the paucity
of the information media.
5. A commonplace criticism of American
culture is its excessive preoccupation
with material goods and corresponding
neglect of the human spirit.
Noun/verb same in form
6. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
7. His real mission in life was to contribute,
in one way or another, to the overthrow
of capitalist society.
8. Consumer education on the wise use of
credit and financial planning will promote
responsible card usage.
9. I was just about to make a little bow of
assent, when the meaning of the last
words sank in, jolting me out of my sad
reverie.
10.Ever since she took office, Japan’s “Iron
Lady” has been the target of leaks from
within her own Foreign Ministry, and
vicious attacks in the Japanese media.
Sense-Related Nouns
11.A glance through his office window
offers a panoramic view of the
Washington Monument and the Lincoln
Memorial.
从办公室的窗户朝外望去，你可以看见华
盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂的全貌。
12.No wonder the sight of it should send
the memories of quite a number of
people of the old generation back 36
years ago.
毫无疑问，一看到这一切，很多老一辈的
人会回忆起36年前的往事。
13.An idiot hope struck me that they might
think I withdrew my money from the
bank because the bank clerk had
insulted me.
Gerund Functioning as Noun
14.This poor Boston boy (Franklin), with
scarcely a day’s schooling, became
master of six languages and never
stopped learning.
15.Like the replacement of its old buildings
with skyscrapers and the widening of
two-lane roads into superhighways,
china is instituting massive financial
reform to foster growth and
development.
Sum-up
• Four kinds of nouns are converted
into verbs in translation process
A. Nouns derived from verbs
B. Nouns and verbs same in spelling
C. Sense-related nouns
D. Gerund（V-ing) functioning as noun
Verb → Noun(汉英)
a. 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的
基础和前提。
Adherence to the One-China principle is
the basis and prerequisite for peaceful
reunification.
b. 中国加入世贸组织，将为中国和亚洲以及
世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新活力。
• China’s entry into WTO will instill new
vitality into the economic growth of
China, Asia and other countries and
regions of the world.
c. 得益于改革开放政策的贯彻实施，我们的
综合国立有了显著提高。
d. 讲按劳分配，无非是多劳多得，少劳少得，
不劳不得。
Prep. →V.
16.Like father, like son.
有其父，必有其子。
17.He thought lie beneath him.
他根本不屑于说谎。
18.A good cadre must be above bribery.
好干部应该拒绝接受贿赂。
19.Party officials worked long hours on
insufficient food, in cold caves, by dim
lights.
党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，
靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。
20.Women long for a say over their future,
for a job worthy of their ability and for
equal status with men.
21.Any woman with fair chances and
without an absolute hump（驼背） may
MARRY WHOM SHE LIKES.
Vanity Fair
22.It is rather for us to be here dedicated
to the great task remaining before
us……that government of the people, by
the people and for the people, shall not
perish from the earth.
Abraham Lincoln: Gettysburg Address
• 我们应该做的是献身于他们遗留给我们的
伟大任务…我们这个民有、民治、民享的
政府将永世长存。
23.The victory of justice over arbitrary acts;
of reason over decadence and blindness,
of democracy over imperialism, of good
over evil, our victory of 25 October will
represent one of the glorious pages of
our history, and we shall be able to leave
it to our heirs.
N. →Adj.
24.Hard facts have shown the objectivity,
correctness and feasibility of the report.
无可辩驳的事实已经证明这个报告是客观，
正确，而且是可行的。
25.He was still more surprised at the
singularity of the stranger’s appearance.
更让他感到吃惊的是这位陌生人与众不同
的外表。
26.There was no haste or restlessness in
his manner but a poised friendliness.
他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。
27.Between the darkness of earth and
heaven she（the boat）was burning
fiercely upon a disc of purple sea shot by
the blood-red play of gleams…
Joseph Conrad: Youth
28.If it had not been for the quietness of
his movements, for the general
soberness of his demeanor, one would
have given him credit for a fiercely
passionate nature.
Joseph Conrad: The Black Mate
Adj. ↔ Adv.
29.I’ve often wondered, in the years since,
whether I made the right choice.
这些年来，我一直在怀疑，我是否做出了
正确的选择。
30.We place the highest value on our
friendly relationship with developing
countries.
我们最为珍视和发展中国家的友好关系。
31.Little by little, they went along the entire
coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful
observation on the way.
32.Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban
of the trade in opium must be preceded
by the destruction of the drug itself.
33.His success was so repeated that the
envious and the defeated spoke with
bitterness regarding him.
34.Independent observers have commented
favorably on the achievements you have
made in this direction.
独立观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就
给予了积极的评价。
35.The volume of trade has increased
tremendously to the advantage of both
countries.
贸易的巨增给两国带来了益处。
Appreciation
译文赏析
Of Studies－Francis Bacon
• Studies serve for delight, for ornament,
and for ability. Their chief use for delight,
is in privateness and retiring; for ornament,
is in discourse; and for ability is in the
judgement and disposition of business.
• 读书足以怡情，足以傅采，足以长才。其
怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅采也，
最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于
处世判事之际。
• For expert men can execute, and perhaps
judge of particulars, one by one; but the
general counsels, and the plots and
marshalling of affairs, come best from
those that are learned.
• 练达之士虽能处理细事或一一判别枝节，
然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者
莫属。
The Secret Sharer
— Joseph Conrad
• On my right hand there were lines of
fishing stakes resembling a mysterious
system of half-submerged bamboo fences,
incomprehensible in its division of the
domain of tropical fishes, and crazy of
aspect as if abandoned forever by some
nomad tribes of fishermen now gone to
the other end of the ocean; for there was
no sign of human habitation as far as the
eye could reach.
• On my right hand there were lines of
fishing stakes resembling a mysterious
system of half-submerged bamboo fences,
incomprehensible in its division of the
domain of tropical fishes,
• 在我的右手边是几行钓鱼用的桩子，看上
去像是半隐半现的竹篱笆布下的神秘方阵，
你猜不透它们如何划分热带鱼出没的区域。
• and crazy of aspect as if abandoned
forever by some nomad tribes of
fishermen now gone to the other end of
the ocean; for there was no sign of human
habitation as far as the eye could reach.
• 这些桩子散乱的分布着，似乎是被某个已
迁徙到大洋彼岸的渔猎部落永远地遗弃在
那儿了，因为，在我视线所及之处看不见
一丝人迹。
Rip Van Winkle
• he was, moreover, a kind neighbor, and an
obedient hen-pecked husband. …those
men are most apt to be obsequious(奉承)
and conciliating(讨好) abroad, who are
under the discipline of shrews at home.
Their tempers, doubtless, are rendered
pliant(顺从) and malleable(可锻) in the
fiery furnace of domestic tribulation, and a
curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in
the world for teaching the virtues of
patience and long-suffering.
Exercises
But as he (Abraham Lincoln) grew older,
he studied law in his spare time and
became a lawyer. He was a good speaker
and student of political philosophy.