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English Composition Top 10 Chapter 1 Parts of Speech • In the following sentences identify the part of speech of each underlined word by writing the appropriate abbreviation in the space provided. • N for noun Adv for adverb • V for verb Prep for preposition • P for pronoun C for conjunction • Adj for adjective Chapter 1 • Example: The gourmet cook snapped the beans. • 1. The rain ruined the newspaper. • 2. The main thing that keeps a bonsai small is careful pruning. • 3. None in the class understood the assignment. • 4. The puppy eventually dragged its blanket out of its bed. • 5. My family recently visited my nephew at the Naval Academy. Chapter 1 • 6. The first major league baseball game played at night took place in Cincinnati. • 7. The squirrels hid pecans and acorns in the flower boxes. • 8. The mockingbird woke me early with its beautiful song. • 9. Libraries maintain many records of our past and present civilizations. • 10. The car telephone is a time-saving device for business people. Chapter 1 • 11.The San Francisco wharf is noted for its seafood. • 12.I didn’t order a pizza. • 13.Please call us when you arrive home. • 14.Ice hockey is a very physical game. • 15.The children believed that the old, broken-down house was haunted. Chapter 1 • 16. During the twilight hours driving can be dangerous. • 17. Miscellaneous subjects will be discussed at the seminar. • 18. According to the National Association for the Visually Handicapped, there are 800,000 legally blind Americans. • 19. These are my favorite jeans. • 20. Criticism is difficult to accept. Fragments • In the space provided, write C if the sentence is correct or Frag if the group of words is a fragment. Make the fragments into complete sentences. • 1. Let us begin at the beginning. • 2. After the party was over. • 3. The beer blast lasting all night. • 4. Hurriedly and ineffectively tried to smother the small fire. • 5. The discussion continued far into the night • . Fragments • 6. The silhouetted figure standing in the doorway. • 7. The long-haired dog in the pen on the corner of the row. • 8. When the storm was over and the sun had broken through. • 9. My nephew is a smart child, of course. Fragments • 10. Locked file cabinets seem to arouse a busybody’s curiosity. • 11. Since she was operated on a year ago. • 12. Slowly but confidently, opened the locked door. • 13. The space shuttle had been tested several times before. • 14. The rain swelling the waters behind the dam. • 15.The dam on the third-largest river in the state, a technological and engineering Comma Splices and Run-Ons • Mark correct sentences C, run-ons RO, and comma splices CS in the space provided. • CSExample: In Hartford, Wisconsin, there is a small Chrysler plant, it makes outboard motors. • • 1. In 1781 the Revolutionary War ended when General Cornwallis surrendered to General Washington at Yorktown. • 2. I did not understand that we were to go skiing this weekend, I have a book report due on Monday. • 3. Ray sold his house he moved to Santa Fe, where he was offered a job as a systems analyst. • 4. Derrick was not as bright as some of his classmates, however, because he worked so diligently, he did better than those who had more ability. • 5. James Webb, a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, is a former Secretary of the Navy he has written several books about his experiences in the Marines and as a midshipman. • 6. Many Russian and French choreographers wrote ballets; some of these ballets became popular in America. • 7. In 1863 Abraham Lincoln delivered his often-quoted Gettysburg Address, he was assassinated two years later in 1865. • 8. Once Anita had decided to go back to school, she felt relieved that the decision had been made however, she was a little apprehensive about attending classes with students so much younger than she. Comma Splices and Run-Ons • 9. Geraldo hurried into the house; he took his coat off and hung it up, then he yelled, “I’m home.” • 10. The desire to complete a job is frequently the key to completing it; someone told me that truth a long time ago. • 11. Acid rain is damaging our national forests and polluting our lakes it also is ruining the paint on my car. • 12. Many homeowners are learning to do their own repairs, some are finding the experience Chapter 2 Review of Verbs • • • • Six common tenses in English A. Simple Present Tense Use of the simple present 1. The President of the United States lives in the White House. Chapter 2 Review of Verbs • • • • • B. Simple Past Tense 1.Spelling the –ed form: a. consonant + vowel+ consonant tip→tipped clapped→clapped b. If a verb ends in consonant+-e, drop the-e and add-ed: • name→named Chapter 2 Review of Verbs • 3. If a verb ends in consonant+-y, change the –y to-I and add-ed • carry→carried cry→cried • C. Past Progressive Tense • Was/were+ verb +-ing • I was working. Chapter 2 Review of Verbs • • • • • • • • D. Present Perfect Tense Have/has + past participle I have worked. E. Simple Past Tense I walked. Simple Future Tense I will walk. I am going to walk. Chapter 3 Nouns and Articles • Nouns and Articles • 3-1 Noun Basics • A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, idea, or feeling. • 3-2 Count Nouns • 3-2.1Singular Count Nouns • a cat Chapter 3 Nouns and Articles • • • • • 3-2.2 Plural Count Nouns book→books If a noun ends in –s, -ss, -x, -ch, -sh or –z, We add –es to make the plural form. bus →buses kiss →kisses toolbox →toolboxes • switch →switches bush →bushes • quiz →quizzes Chapter 3 Nouns and Articles • 3-3 Articles a and an • a dictionary • Use an before a word that begins with a vowel sound. • an orange • 3-4 Noncount Nouns • Do not use a or an with a noncount noun. No not make a noncount noun plural. Chapter 3 Nouns and Articles • • • • Incorrect: a homework many furnitures Correct : homework furnitures 3-5 Article the Use the when you are talking about something specific. • general: Everyone has an identification card. • specific: The identification card that you have is light blue. Kinds of Sentences • Indicate the kind of sentence by writing the correct abbreviation in the blanks: S—simple; CP—compound; CX—complex; CC—compound-complex. • 1. Traveling by train is better than traveling by airplane; for one thing, one can see the entire country from ground level. • 2. My father, who is a professional golfer, plans to enter the U.S. Open competition; however, he doesn’t expect to win. • 3. If couples decided to have fewer children, then the population growth in the United States would slow down. Kinds of Sentences • 4. The Golden Gate Bridge is a triumph of modern engineering. • 5. Both the Eagles and the ’76ers tried to win their championship games; however, the Phillies did win the World Series. • 6. At a baseball game, grown men reminisce about the glory of playing baseball when they were children.