Transcript 12th Grade Goal Grammar, punctuation, spelling, and vocabulary

12th Grade Goal
Grammar, punctuation, spelling, and
vocabulary troubles should be
disappearing daily with practice.
Day 1
What are the biggest problems you have with
grammar or spelling? Write them down on the
card, no names please. We will be covering the
biggest problems we face in writing mechanics
and spelling.
Remember we all have trouble with something!
Which one shows location, ownership,
and a contraction of they are?
• There, their, and they’re
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_______are too many students in this class.
I hope ___________ paying attention.
Some of them still have ________iphones out.
Which one shows ownership?
Which one is the same as “they are”?
Which one shows placement?
Short choppy sentences are not effective for sentence fluency. Combining sentences to make a list is an effective way to
create a long complex, descriptive sentence.
Combine each set of sentences while deleting repetitious information. When creating a list, each item in a list of words,
phrases, or clauses, should have a matching form. The first one is done for you. For other sentences, correct the faulty
parallel construction.
Effective example: The usual quiet chatter of people and the occasional whinny of a horse or shout from an instructor has
now morphed into the loud talking of people, shouts of grooms and instructors to move out of the way, cries of terrified
children, and panicked whinnies and shrieks of scared horses.
1. When we visit the city, I want to go shopping. I want to eat sushi. I also want to walk in the park.
When we visit the city, I want to go shopping, eat sushi, and walk in the park.
2. The cliff dropped to reefs seventy-five feet below. The reefs below the steep cliff were barely visible through the fog.
3. Their car is gassed up. It is ready for the long drive. The drive will take all night.
4. Sometimes Stan went running with Blanche. She was a good athlete. She was on the track team at school.
5. Taylor brought some candy back from Europe. It wasn't shaped like American candy. The candy tasted kind of strange to
him.
6. We need these office supplies: paper, staples, folder, and we need more envelopes.
7. Depending on the distance of the trip, the amount of passengers, and if they departed on time, my relatives should
arrive around noon.
Correct these sentences
Into the meadow the bird flew.
As he grew up Tom longed to leave Chanhassen.
What is missing from these sentences?
Fix this sentence.
I never get enough to eat for lunch so I
eat as soon as I get home.
When two sentences are joined with a
conjunction, what needs to be
inserted? Where?
List some common conjunctions.
When two sentences are joined
without a conjunction, what gets
inserted? When should two
sentences be joined?
Write two compound sentences.
Titles of books, CD’s, plays, and
movies need …….
Titles of chapters, poems, and
songs need …………..
I need to ______ money from my
mother for dinner tonight.
Can you please ______ me some
money?
The bank will ______ me money.
(Borrow or loan)
1. Number versus numeral. First things first, what is the difference between a number and a numeral? A number is an
abstract concept while a numeral is a symbol used to express that number.
2. Spell small numbers out. The small numbers, such as whole numbers smaller than ten, should be spelled out.
3. No other standard rule: Experts don’t always agree on other rules. Some experts say that any one-word number
should be written out. Two-word numbers should be expressed in figures. That is, they say you should write out
twelve or twenty. But not 24.
4. Using the comma. In English, the comma is used as a thousands separator (and the period as a decimal separator), to
make large numbers easier to read. So write the size of Alaska as 571,951 square miles instead of 571951 square miles.
5. Don’t start a sentence with a numeral. Make it “Fourscore and seven years ago,” not “4 score and 7 years ago.” That
means you might have to rewrite some sentences
6. Centuries and decades should be spelled out. Use the Eighties or nineteenth century.
7. Percentages and recipes. With everyday writing and recipes you can use digits, like “4% of the children” or “Add 2
cups of brown rice.” In formal writing, however, you should spell the percentage out like “12 percent of the players” (or
“twelve percent of the players,” depending on your preference as explained in point three).
8. If the number is rounded or estimated, spell it out. Rounded numbers over a million are written as a numeral plus a
word. Use “About 400 million people speak Spanish natively,” instead of “About 400,000,000 people speak Spanish
natively.” If you’re using the exact number, you’d write it out, of course.
9. Two numbers next to each other. It can be confusing if you write “7 13-year-olds”, so write one of them as a
numeral, like “seven 13-year-olds”. Pick the number that has the fewest letters.
10. Ordinal numbers and consistency. Don’t say “He was my 1st true love,” but rather “He was my first true love.” Be
consistent within the same sentence. If my teacher has 23 beginning students, she also has 18 advanced students, not
eighteen advanced students
Words that are often confused
Whether-question
weather-climate
vein-blood
vane-weather
vain- vanity, conceit
borrow-asking for something
loan-(verb)giving to someone
a loan-noun (money or gift given to someone)
allowed-permitted
aloud-spoken or song out loud
Often misspelled…
Speak
speech
grammar
graduate
Congratulate
business
Who or whom?
When referring to the subject of the sentence use
who.
When referring to the object of the preposition or
indirect or direct object use whom?
To ____did he give the book?
______ went to the movie?
Jim gave ______ a kiss.
My homework should be given to _____?
The actor is I. ______ is the actor?
Day 3 Exercise : Subject and Verb
Agreement Exercise
Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.
1. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school.
2. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting.
3. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.
4. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor.
5. George and Tamara (doesn't, don't) want to see that movie.
6. Benito (doesn't, don't) know the answer.
7. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France.
8. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.
9. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes) about two
hours to watch.
10. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win.
11. Either answer (is, are) acceptable.
12. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.
13. Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I've seen.
14. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six?
15. Mathematics (is, are) John's favorite subject, while Civics (is,
are) Andrea's favorite subject.
16. Eight dollars (is, are) the price of a movie these days.
17. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?
18. Your pants (is, are) at the cleaner's.
19. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag. Now there (is,
are) only one left!
20. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully.
21. The committee (leads, lead) very different lives in private.
22. The Prime Minister, together with his wife, (greets, greet) the
press cordially.
23. All of the CDs, even the scratched one, (is, are) in this case.