Transcript How to combine sentences Inserting words and phrases

Combining Sentences
When should you combine sentences?
How to combine sentences
Inserting words and phrases
Using compound subjects and verbs
Creating compound sentences
Creating complex sentences
Review A
Review B
When should you combine sentences?
Too much of the same thing can be boring.
Imagine eating the same thing for lunch
day...
after day...
after day...
When should you combine sentences?
Reading the same type of sentence over and over
again can also be boring.
Notice
how
toosentence
many short
sentences makes
make this
Now, see
how
combining
the
paragraph boring
read.
shorterto
and
more interesting.
A geyser is a spring.
A geyser
shoots
spring that
shoots
hot hot water.
It
shoots
into
thegreat
air with
great force.
water
intowater
the air
with
force.
Some
erupt continually.
Some remain
Whilegeysers
some geysers
erupt
dormant
for some
long periods.
continually,
remain dormant for
long periods.
[End of Section]
How to combine sentences
Inserting words and phrases
Combine short sentences by taking a key
key word
word
from one sentence and inserting it into the other.
Edgar Allan Poe led a short
short,life.
tragic
His life.
life was tragic.
You may have to change the form of the word.
Poe wrote strange,
strange stories.
horrifying
He wrote
stories.
horror
horrifying
stories.
The Tell-Tale Heart
How to combine sentences
Inserting words and phrases
You can also combine sentences by inserting a
phrase from one sentence into another.
• Prepositional Phrase
This car can park easily
easily. in
It tight
can park
spaces.
in
in tight
tight spaces.
spaces.
• Participial Phrase
Sam swung
Sam
wasswung
focusing
focusing
the on
on
bat.
the
the ball.
ball.
Focusing
on the bat.
ball, He
• Appositive Phrase
Chula. Chula
Sandra’s
is Sandra’s
dog.
dog.
There we met Chula,
How to combine sentences
Inserting words and phrases
Combine the following short sentences by
inserting the italicized word or phrase into the first
sentence. Add commas where necessary. Hints in
parentheses tell how to change word forms.
1. Plants are used to make products. These
products are beauty products.
2. Malik ran toward the goal. His pace was
quick. (Change quick to quickly.)
3. Migrant workers move constantly. They
search for work. (Change search to
searching.)
How to combine sentences
Inserting words and phrases
On Your Own
Combine each pair of sentences by inserting words or
phrases. Some sentences may be combined in different
ways. Hints in parentheses indicate changes to word forms.
1. Squirrels climbed up and down the tree. The tree was old.
2. The docks are at the end of a road. The road curves.
(Change curves to curving.)
3. Amy just got braces. Amy is a friend of mine.
4. Book three tells of the heroes’ return. Book three
completes the series. (Change complete to completing.)
[End of Section]
How to combine sentences
Using compound subjects and verbs
You can also combine sentences by making
compound subjects and verbs.
Step 1. Look for sentences that have the
same subject or the same verb.
Ice reduces
Ice
reduces swelling.
swelling.
SAME SUBJECT =
Ice
Ice relieves
relieves pain.
pain.
COMPOUND VERB
Jaguars have
have spots.
spots.
SAME VERB =
Leopards have
have spots.
spots.
COMPOUND SUBJECT
How to combine sentences
Using compound subjects and verbs
Step 2. Join the verbs or subjects of the two
sentences with a coordinating conjunction
such as and, or, or but.
IF
THEN
Subjects are
the same
Keep the subject
and join the verbs
are swelling.
Keep
the verb
and
IceVerbs
reduces
Ice reduces
swelling andIce
relieves
relieves
pain.
pain.
the same
join the subjects
and leopards
have have
spots.spots.
Jaguars Jaguars
have spots.
Leopards
How to combine sentences
Coordinating conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
and
but
or
for
yet
so
nor
A coordinating conjunction joins words or
groups of words that are used in the same way.
How to combine sentences
Using compound subjects and verbs
Combine the following short sentences by
forming a compound subject or a compound verb. Be
prepared to explain your answers.
1. Bananas are a tropical fruit. Coconuts are
also a tropical fruit.
2. Ben had planned to be here. Ben later
changed his mind.
3. Vince could design the banner. Otherwise,
Lan could design it.
How to combine sentences
Using compound subjects and verbs
Combine the following short sentences by
forming a compound subject or a compound verb. Be
prepared to explain your answers.
1. Bananas and coconuts are tropical fruits.
Since both sentences had the same verb, the combined
sentence has a compound subject. Fruits is plural since
the sentence is now about more than one kind of fruit.
How to combine sentences
Using compound subjects and verbs
Combine the following short sentences by
forming a compound subject or a compound verb. Be
prepared to explain your answers.
2. Ben had planned to be here but later changed his
mind.
Since both sentences had the same subject, the
combined sentence has a compound verb. The
conjunction but expresses a contrast in ideas.
How to combine sentences
Using compound subjects and verbs
Combine the following short sentences by
forming a compound subject or a compound verb. Be
prepared to explain your answers.
3. Vince or Lan could design the banner.
Since both sentences have the same verb, the
combined sentence has a compound subject.
The conjunction or shows a choice between two
possibilities.
How to combine sentences
Using compound subjects and verbs
On Your Own
Combine each pair of sentences by forming a compound
subject or a compound verb.
1. Plastic can be recycled. Paper can be recycled.
2. Glaciers move slowly. Glaciers shape the land.
3. A temple may have stood here once. A storehouse may
have stood here.
4. Cranes nest near the lake. Other birds nest there, too.
5. The skier jumped far. He failed to beat the record.
[End of Section]
How to combine sentences
Using compound subjects and verbs
Possible Answers
Combine each pair of sentences by forming a compound
subject or a compound verb.
1. Plastic and paper can be recycled.
2. Glaciers move slowly and shape the land.
3. A temple or a storehouse stood here once.
4. Cranes and other birds nest near the lake.
5. The skier jumped far but failed to beat the record.
How to combine sentences
Creating compound sentences
If the two sentences are related and
equally important, you can form a
compound sentence.
A compound sentence is made by joining the two
sentences with
• a comma and a coordinating conjunction
• a semicolon
OR
• a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb
We We
went
WeWe
went
there;
went
there,
there;
however,
but
they
they
they
came
came
came
here.
here.
here.
went
there.
They
came
here.
How to combine sentences
Conjunctive adverbs
Common Conjunctive Adverbs
also
however
meanwhile
still
besides
instead
nevertheless
then
otherwise
therefore
consequently likewise
A conjunctive adverb shows how ideas relate to
each other. It expresses a relationship between
two independent clauses.
How to combine sentences
Creating compound sentences
Combine the following short sentences by
forming a compound sentence. Be prepared to explain
your answers.
1. The storm began with heavy rain. Hail fell
soon after.
2. A majority of U.S. residents were born here.
One out of every ten is an immigrant.
3. The newly discovered animal has a pouch. It
may be related to the kangaroo.
How to combine sentences
Creating compound sentences
Combine the following short sentences by
forming a compound sentence. Be prepared to explain
your answers.
Possible Answer
1. The storm began with heavy rain, and hail fell soon
after.
The conjunction and shows that the two ideas are
related and equal in importance.
How to combine sentences
Creating compound sentences
Combine the following short sentences by
forming a compound sentence. Be prepared to explain
your answers.
Possible Answer
2. A majority of U.S. residents were born here, but
one out of every ten is an immigrant.
The conjunction but shows that the two ideas
contrast.
How to combine sentences
Creating compound sentences
Combine the following short sentences by
forming a compound sentence. Be prepared to explain
your answers.
Possible Answer
3. The newly discovered animal has a pouch;
therefore, it may be related to the kangaroo.
The semicolon shows that the two ideas are closely
related. The conjunctive adverb therefore indicates
cause and effect.
How to combine sentences
Creating compound sentences
On Your Own
Combine each pair of sentences by forming a compound
sentence.
1. Clients drop off scrap metal. Workers sort it into piles.
2. Adults must buy a ticket. Children get in free.
3. We already have milk. Buy just a half gallon.
4. I am not afraid of snakes. I used to keep one as a pet.
[End of Section]
How to combine sentences
Creating compound sentences
Possible Answers
Combine each pair of sentences by forming a compound
sentence.
1. Clients drop off scrap metal, and workers sort it into
piles.
2. Adults must buy a ticket, but children get in free.
3. We already have milk, so buy just a half gallon.
4. I am not afraid of snakes; I used to keep one as a pet.
How to combine sentences
Creating complex sentences
Another way to combine sentences is to form a
complex sentence.
A complex sentence contains one independent
clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
Independent Clause
The audience clapped
Subordinate Clause
until the entire choir had left.
How to combine sentences
Creating complex sentences
Complex sentences can be reversible. Notice
the addition of the comma after the subordinate
clause.
Subordinate Clause
Independent Clause
Until the entire choir had left, the audience clapped.
How to combine sentences
Creating complex sentences
There are three types of subordinate clauses:
adjective, adverb, and noun clauses. Each type
can replace an ordinary adjective, adverb, or noun.
• Adjective Clause
Gili wants the bicycle
blue bicycle.
that is blue.
• Adverb Clause
I read the newspaper daily.
as I eat breakfast.
• Noun Clause
the culprit.
committed the crime.
The detective revealed who
How to combine sentences
Creating complex sentences
Make one sentence into an adjective clause by
replacing the subject with who, which, or that.
which
Many people fear bats.
They are usually harmless.
^
Then, use the adjective clause to provide
information about a noun or pronoun that has
come before.
Many people fear bats, which are usually
harmless.
How to combine sentences
Creating complex sentences
Turn one sentence into an adverb clause by
adding a subordinating conjunction such as after,
although, because, if, when, or where.
I called
called.before
I received
I received
your message.
your message.
If the adverb clause begins a sentence,
follow the clause with a comma.
Before I received your message, I
called.
How to combine sentences
Creating complex sentences
Turn a sentence into a noun clause by adding a
word like that, how, what, who, or whoever to
the beginning of the sentence.
The coach told him.
him
He had
to thetofinals.
that
headvanced
had advanced
the finals.
Insert the clause into another sentence just as
you would an ordinary noun.
ORDINARY
NOUN
NOUN
CLAUSE
The coach told him the news.
The coach told him that he had advanced to
the finals.
How to combine sentences
Creating complex sentences
On Your Own
Combine each pair of sentences by turning one sentence into
an adjective, adverb, or noun clause, as indicated in
parentheses.
1. This glue is like spider silk. Spider silk is very strong.
(adjective clause)
2. The bridge was built. Before then, drivers had to take a
ferry. (adverb clause)
3. We hope. You will visit us again. (noun clause)
4. The coin is very rare. I am holding the coin. (adjective
clause).
[End of Section]
Review A
Using all of the sentence-combining skills you have learned,
combine each of the following pairs of sentences.
1.The large bird gave a cry. Its cry was
noisy.
2.We found out. People have painted for
thousands of years.
3.Daryl led the national anthem. Daryl is a
trained singer.
[End of Section]
Review A
Possible Answers
Using all of the sentence-combining skills you have learned,
combine each of the following pairs of sentences.
1. The large bird gave a noisy cry.
2. We found out that people have painted for
thousands of years.
3. Daryl, a trained singer, led the national anthem.
4. Drops of rain fell into the fire, which let out clouds of
steam.
5. Three plumbers have tried to fix the sink; however, it
keeps leaking.
Review B
Using all of the sentence-combining skills you
have learned, revise and rewrite the following
paragraph without changing its original meaning.
Stonehenge is in southwestern England. It is a series
of stones. They are huge stones. The stones weigh as
much as fifty tons each. They were set up over five
thousand years ago. They were moved by as many
as one thousand people.
[End of Section]
The End