Transcript Past perfect progressive

Chapter 9: Using Verbs Correctly
• The Principal Parts of a Verb
• Regular verbs
• Irregular verbs
• Verb tense
• Active and Passive Voice
• Special Problems with Verbs
• Sit and Set
• Lie and Lay
• Rise and Raise
The Principal Parts of a Verb
• 4 principal parts:
– Base form (infinitive form)
– Present participle
– Past
– Past participle
Base form: work
Present participle: (is/are) working
Past: worked
Past participle: (has/have) worked
Regular verbs
• Verbs are regular when their past and past
participle forms are made by adding –d or –ed
to the base form.
Common mistakes with regular verbs:
1. He use to work at Supercuts.
2. Who was suppose to bring Harold?
3. Several people nearly drownded in the flood.
Irregular verbs
• Verbs are irregular when their past and past
participle forms are created by doing
something other than adding –d or –ed.
Examples:
Base form:
ring
make
bring
Past:
rang
made
brought
Past participle:
(has/have) rung
(has/have) made
(has/have) brought
Remember: brang and brung and considered slang. Don’t use them in
formal/academic writing.
Common mistakes with irregular verbs:
1. I have went to the shopping mall.
– The past form doesn’t need a helping verb
2. I seen all her movies.
– The past participle form needs a helping verb
3. The right fielder throwed the ball home.
– Don’t add –d or –ed to the base form
Exercise 2, p. 193
• Use your boards
• Provide the correct past or past participle
form of the base word in parenthesis
Ex: Nobody knew why he (do) that.
A: did
#1: Did you say the telephone (ring) while I was
in the shower?
A: rang
Verb tense
• The tense of a verb shows the time of an
action or a state of being
• There are six tenses:
– present
– past
– future
– present perfect
– past perfect
– future perfect
The perfect tenses: Present perfect(have/has)
Used to show existing or happening sometime before now; may be continuing now, too.
Present perfect examples
• I have written letters.
• I have seen that movie.
• I have completed my assignment.
The perfect tenses: Past perfect (had)
Used to show existing or happening before a specific time in the past.
Examples:
• I had already done my homework when the teacher
halved the assignment.
• I had read the book three times before I heard we
were reading it for PACK again.
The perfect tenses: Future perfect (will/shall
have + past participle)
Used to show existing or happening before a specific time in the future.
Examples:
• I will have seen and graded your projects by the time
Spring Break begins.
• We will have lost forty pounds by the time we finish
the Insanity Workout regimen.
Progressive/continuous aspects
• Our language makes no distinction between
progressive and continuous tense (some
languages do!)
Cantonese(Literal English) English Translation
Progressive
我(I) 著(wear) 緊(PROG)
衫(clothes) 。(.)
I am putting on clothes.
Continuous
我(I) 著(wear) 住(CONT)
衫(clothes) 。(.)
I am wearing clothes.
• This is not another tense, just another version of
the 6 previous tenses
• These include some form of be + the present
participle form of a verb (-ing)
Progressive/continuous examples
Base verb: Write
Present progressive:
am/is/are writing
Past progressive:
was/were writing
Future progressive:
will/shall be writing
Present perfect progressive:
has/have been writing
Past perfect progressive:
had been writing
Future perfect progressive:
will/shall have been writing
Tense shift – DON’T DO IT WITHOUT A GOOD
REASON
• Maintain a consistent tense in your writing.
Problems to fix:
1. When we were comfortable, we begin our
homework.
2. Suddenly the great door opened, and an
uninvited guest comes into the dining hall.
Check this one:
3. Lisa plays basketball now, but last year she
was on the softball team.
No partner work today
LH 32-33:
• Start here
• Finish as homework
Active and passive voice
• Active voice verbs express actions done by a
subject
– Using active voice helps to make your writing
direct and forceful
• Passive voice verbs express actions done to a
subject
– Using passive voice structure often makes writing
sound weak and awkward, but is useful when you
don’t know who performed an action
Active and passive voice examples
Active: The librarian has formed a book club.
Passive: A book club was formed by the librarian.
Active: The student completed her homework.
Passive: The homework was completed by the student.
Active: Lucy had planted those marigolds.
Passive: Those marigolds had been planted by Lucy.
Passive voice: Good for whodunnits
Ex: The flowers were left on the doorstop
sometime this afternoon.
Ex: The robbery was committed between one
and three in the morning.
Exercise 5, p. 201
• Use your boards
• Decide if a sentence is active or passive
Ex: Jared’s birthday dinner was paid for by his
uncle.
A: passive
#1: Trees were being blown over by the wind.
A: passive
Special verb problems: Sit and set
• Sit: “to rest in an upright, seated position” or
“to be in a place” (intransitive- no object)
• Set: “to put something in a place” (transitive –
has a direct object)
Base form:
Sit
Set
Present participle:
(is) sitting
(is) setting
Past:
sat
set
Past Participle:
(have) sat
(have) set
Sit or set?
Examples:
•
•
•
•
Let’s sit under the tree. (no object)
Let’s set our backpacks under the tree. (object = backpacks)
The tourists sat on the bench. (no object)
The tourists set their cameras on the bench. (object =
cameras)
We had just _______
down when the phone rang.
sat
set
We had just _______
down our books when the phone rang.
Exercise 6, p. 202
• Use your boards
• Pick the correct word in the parenthesis
• If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Please (sit/set) the serving platter on the
table.
A: set (platter)
#1: Has he (sat/set) anything down here?
A: set (anything)
Special verb problems: Lie and Lay
• Lie: “to rest,” “to recline,” or “to be in a place”
(intransitive- no object) (like sit)
• Lay: “to put something in a place” (transitive –
has a direct object) (like set)
Base form:
Lie
Lay
Present participle:
(is) lying
(is) laying
Past:
lay
laid
Past Participle:
(have) lain
(have) laid
Lie or Lay?
Examples:
• The napkins are lying next to the plates. (no object)
• The servers are laying extra napkins beside every plate.
(object = napkins)
• The soldiers lay very still while the enemy passed. (no object)
• The soldiers laid a trap for the enemy. (object = trap)
Rip Van Winkle had _______
lain asleep for twenty years.
laid his knapsack on the ground.
Rip Van Winkle had _______
Exercise 7, p. 204
• Use your boards
• Complete the sentence with the correct form of
lie or lay
• If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Leo (laid/lay) the USB drive by the computer.
A: laid (USB drive (or drive))
#1: After the race, Andretti (laid/lay) his helmet on
the car.
A: laid (helmet)
Special verb problems: Rise and Raise
• Rise: “to go up” or “to get up” (intransitive- no
object)
• Raise: “to lift up” or “to cause (something) to
rise” (transitive – has a direct object) (like set)
Base form:
Rise
Raise
Present participle:
(is) rising
(is) raising
Past:
rose
raised
Past Participle:
(have) risen
(have) raised
Rise or Raise?
Examples:
• My neighbors rise very early in the morning. (no object)
• My neighbors raise their shades very early in the morning.
(object = shades)
• Sparks rose from the flames of the campfire. (no object)
• The breeze raised sparks high into the air. (object = sparks)
The senators have _______
risen from their seats to show respect.
raised a number of important issues.
The senators have _______
Exercise 9, p. 206
• Use your boards
• Complete the sentence with the correct form of
rise or raise
• If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Please (raise/rise) your hand if you’re finished.
A: raise (hand)
#1: The steam was (rising/raising) from the pot of
soup.
A: rising