Transcript Grammar-Starter Unit + Unit 1 File

Starter Unit:
Present Tense Review
(WB 75-77; SB 112)
Language Review. Speech parts, pronouns, articles, comparatives
(WB 73, 74; SB 113)
PPT author: Bruno Menéndez
What?
Why?
How?
English Verb Tense System
Revision
Present Simple
+
?
↵
Do
I work/she works
I don’t work/
she doesn’t work
Do you work?
Does she work?
Yes, I do. /, he does.
No, I don’t./he doesn’t.
Past Simple
Future Simple
Did
+
I worked.
+
I will work.
-
I didn’t work.
-
?
Did you/she work?
?
↵
Yes, I/she did.
No, I/she didn’t.
↵
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
?
I am working/ Be+ing
She is working
I ‘m not working/
she isn’t working
Are you working?
Is she working?
?
I was working
+ing
You were working
I wasn’t working/
You weren’t working
Was she working?
Were you working?
↵
Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
Yes, she is./No, she isnot
↵
Yes, I was. /, she was.
No, I wasn’t./she wasn’t.
↵
+
-
+
-
?
↵
Yes, I have. /, she has.
No, I haven’t/, …hasn’t.
-
I would work.
I won’t work.
-
I wouldn’t work.
Will you work?
?
Would you work?
Yes, I will
No, I won’t
↵
Future Continuous
Yes, I would.
No, I wouldn’t.
Cont Conditional
Will be
Would be
+
I will be working
+
I would be working
-
I won’t be working.
-
I wouldn’t be working.
?
Will you be working?
? Would you be working?
Past Perfect
Have+ed
I have worked/
she has worked
I haven’t worked/
She hasn’t worked
Have you worked?
Has she worked?
would
+
was/were
Present Perfect
+
will
Simple Conditional
Yes, I will.
No, I won’t.
↵
Future Perfect
will have
+ed
Had+ed
Perfect Conditional
+
I/she had worked
+
I will have finished.
+
-
I /she hadn’t worked
-
-
?
Had you/she worked?
?
↵
Yes, I had. /, she had.
No, I hadn’t./she hadn’t.
I won’t have
finished.
Will you have
finished?
↵
Yes, I will (have).
No, I won’t (have).
Yes, I would (be).
No, I wouldn’t (be).
?
↵
would have
+ed
I would have worked.
I wouldn’t have
worked.
Would you have
worked?
Yes, I would (have).
No, I wouldn’t (have).
Present Simple vs Present Continuous
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Facts / States
I love chocolate.
John is sad.
1) Action in progress at the moment
1) Look! It’s snowing! (=Now!)
Habits / repeated actions
I go to school every day.
We often go to parties.
2)Temporary situations:
1)Mum’s visiting her parents
today.
Stative Verbs*
1)Thoughts: agree, know, remember, think
2)Likes/Dislikes: hate, like, love, prefer, want
3)Senses: hear, see, smell, taste
*can’t usually be used
with Present Continuous
Present Perfect vs Past Simple
Present Perfect
Actions which started in the past
and continue in the present
I’ve studied here for 5 years*.
Actions which started in the past
and have a present effect
I’ve bought you this!
Recient actions when time isn’t
specified:
John has (just) arrived
Time Expressions: already, ever,
just, for*/since, still, yet, just
*Visc aquí des de fa 5 anys
Past Simple
Completed actions in the past
I studied there for 5 years.
States in the past
I lived in Africa as a child.
Repeated actions in the past
I went to school every day.
When we know exactly when
John arrived 5 min ago
Time Expressions: ago, in 1984,
at 5 pm, last year, yesterday,
when/as…
Unit 1:
Past Tenses Review
(WB 77-79; SB 115)
PPT author: Bruno Menéndez
Past Simple vs Past Continuous
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Actions in progress at a specific
time in the past.
I was eating at six.
Past actions which are interrupted
by other actions:
I was watching the film when
the light went out.
Competed actions in the past
I studied there for 5 years.
States in the past
I lived in Africa as a child.
Repeated actions in the past
I went to school every day.
When we know exactly when
John arrived 5 min ago
Time Expressions: ago, in 1984,
at 5 pm, last year, yesterday,
when/as…
Anaphoric uses
Deictic
Anaphoric
Combination (when/while/as)
While I was eating, the phone rung.
Combination (after/before/as soon as)
After we had finished our meal, we went to the cinema.
As soon as we had finished/finished our meal, we run home.
Before we started the match, we had warmed up.
Used to /would
Use to + infinitive vs
Would + infinitive
Used to + infinitive
Repeated past actions or states that
are no longer true in the present:
I used to play football as a child
I used to be happy, but I’m sad
now
i played football as a child
I would play football everyday
Would + infinitive
 Repeated past actions (formal):
 I would play football every
day as a child in Kenya
 Not for states:
 *I would be happy /
 *I would hate school
 I used to hate school 
 I hated school 
Past Simple vs Past Perfect
Past Simple
Phone: phoned
-e
Marry: married
-y
Travel: travelled
-l
Stop: stopped / admit:admitted
-CVC (1 syllable or
unstressed final syllable)
Irregular Verb List WB p127-128
Past Perfect
An action that happened before another
action or moment in the past
I didn’t enjoy Pulp Fiction
yesterday, because I had seen it last
year.
Deictic vs. anaphoric tenses
past
Future Simple:
woke
eats
will
Present perfect:
Present Cont:
Present Cont:
Is eating
Be + vb+ing
be+going to+ Inf:
have lived
previous
Anaphoric tenses: THEN
future
Present Simple:
Past Simple:
Deictic tenses: NOW
present
Past Perfect:
had finished
simultaneous
Past Simple:
subsequent
rained
Conditional:
Past Cont:
Would + inf
Was going to
was raining
Conditional(formal)
Would rain
Used to rain
presente de indicativo (canto), pretérito perfecto (canté, he cantado) –simple y compuesto- y futuro imperfecto (cantaré)
pretérito pluscuamperfecto (había cantado), pretérito imperfecto (cantaba), condicional (cantaría) y futuro compuesto (habré cantado)
Parts of speech: word classes
I
am
quite
upset
becaus
e
a
boy
has
just
spit
on
me
pronoun
verb
adverb
adjectiv
e
conjunc
-tion
det
noun
aux
adverb
verb
preposit
ion
pronoun
nouns
verbs
adjectives
adverbs
Lexical Words
Middle Words
pronouns
conjunction
preposition
s
auxiliaries
determiner
Personal pron, demonstrative pron, relative pron, possessive pron
Grammatical Words
Articles, quantifiers, possessive adjectives, demonstrative, etc
Pronouns (parts of speech)
Subject
Pronouns
Object
Pronouns
Possessive
Adjectives
Possessive
Pronouns
Reflexive
Pronouns
I
me
my book…
mine
myself
you
you
your …
yours
yourself
he /she / it
him / her / it
his / her / its
his / hers / its
himself / herself/
itself
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
Determiners: articles
Once upon a time there was a dragon. The dragon lived in a village. Ø People in the village were scared
of the dragon, so they went to talk to the mayor. His name was George and, besides being the mayor,
he was a teacher. George decided come to an agreement with the King so that the dragon would be fed
with Ø animals from the village for Ø lunch. Ø Fear was common in the village.
Indefinite article
(a / an)
Definite article
(the)
• When we mention something for the first time: a dragon, an agreement, a village
• We we do not refer to a specific thing, person or place: a village
• With jobs: a teacher
• When we refer to a specific thing: the dragon
• When there’s only one of something: the mayor, the King
ARTICLE OMISSION
•When we talk about something in general (plural or uncountable nouns). Ø People,
Ø animals, Ø Fear
•With meals: Ø lunch
•In certain expressions:
•
At home, in class, at school, by train, in hospital, in bed, last week, on Monday, in May