Transcript EFL084 Participles Powerpoint new

EFL Grammar
Participles
Introduction

There are two participles:
– Present Participle -ing
– Past Participle
-ed

Both are used as adjectives
– For example:
• The interesting movie was two hours long
• The interested student goes to the lab
Summary
Topic One: When should we use present
participle and when should we use past
participle?
 Topic Two: There are three possible
positions in the sentence for participles:

– When should we place the participle before the
noun?
– When should we place the participle after the
noun?
– When should we place the participle in an
introductory phrase?
Overview
The name present participle does not mean
that the -ing form is used here to show
time at all.
 The name past participle does not mean that
the -ed form is used to show time at all.

“Present,” “Past” Participles
The interesting movie was at the theater last
week
 The interesting movie is at the theater this
week
 The interesting movie will be at the theater
next week
 The interested students go to the lab every
week
 The interested students went to the lab last
week

Vocabulary

“Present” Participle here only means:
– the -ing form used as an adjective

“Past” Participle here only means:
– the -ed form used as an adjective
Topic One

When should we use present participle and
when should we use past participle?
– The toy fascinates the child
– The child fascinates the toy
Which sentence is correct?
 What is the subject in the correct sentence?
 What is the object in the correct sentence?

Topic One

The toy fascinates the child
– Subject: toy
– Object: child

To use the participles of the verb (fascinates) with
the word toy (subject) use: Present Participle
– The fascinating toy was expensive
– I love that fascinating toy
– He sells fascinating toys
Topic One

The toy fascinates the child
– Subject: toy
– Object: child

To use the participles of the verb (fascinates) with
the word child (object) use: Past Participle
– The fascinated child played for hours
– I watched the fascinated child in the room
Topic One

Another way to think about it:
– What is correct:
The painting is stealing (progressive tense)
 The painting is stolen (passive voice)

– The correct sentence contains the correct participle
Topic One

The painting is stolen
– Therefore:

…”the stolen painting…” is the right participle
Topic One

The interest____ movie seems very short
– Analyze this way: what is correct
The movie interests me (….-ing movie)
 I interest the movie (…..-ed movie)


I sold a break____ computer yesterday
– Analyze this way: what is correct
The computer breaks me (….-ing computer)
 I break the computer (…..-ed computer)

Topic One

The interesting movie seems very short
– Analyze this way: what is correct
The movie interests me (….-ing movie)
 I interest the movie (…..-ed movie)


I sold a broken computer yesterday
– Analyze this way: what is correct
The computer breaks me (….-ing computer)
 I break the computer (…..-ed computer)

Topic One

The interesting movie seems very short
– Or analyze this way: what is correct
The movie is interesting (progressive)
 The movie is interested (passive)

– Or analyze this way: what is correct
The computer is breaking (progressive)
 The computer is broken (passive)

Quiz
The steal___ painting was found in New
York
 I want to buy an interest___ book
 The guitar play___ rock singer looks wild
 The register____ letter never arrived
 The fly__ birds are on their way to Mexico
 The write____ words are true

Answers to Quiz
The stolen painting was found in New York
 I want to buy an interesting book
 The guitar playing rock singer looks wild
 The registered letter never arrived
 The flying birds are on their way to Mexico
 The written words are true

Topic two

When should we place the participle in front
of the noun (as in all the previous
sentences)
– When the participle is alone
The singing bird sounds beautiful
 But not The singing in the tree bird sounds
beautiful
 The broken window must be replaced
 But not The broken into pieces window must be
replaced

Topic Two

If the participle is modified (usually by
adverbs or preposition phrases), we have
two possible locations:
– After the noun
– In an introductory phrase
Topic Two

After the noun:
The bird singing in the tree sounds beautiful
 The window broken into many pieces must be
replaced


Here the participle refers to the noun before
it:
– The bird is singing
– The window is broken
Topic Two

In an introductory phrase:
– Singing in the tree, the bird sounds beautiful
– Broken into pieces, the window must be
replaced

Here the participle refers to the subject:
– The bird is singing in the tree
– The window is broken into pieces
Summary

All these sentences are correct:
– The forgotten umbrella is still on the floor
– The umbrella forgotten in the classroom is still
on the floor
– Forgotten in the classroom, the umbrella is still
on the floor
Summary

All these sentences are correct:
– The rising sun wakes up the campers
– The sun rising in the east wakes up the
campers
– Rising in the east, the sun wakes up the
campers
Topic One and Two

First decide the correct
form
– forget + umbrella


The umbrella forgets
me
I forget the umbrella
– …the forgotten
umbrella...

Then decide where to
place it
– …the forgotten
umbrella...
– ….the umbrella
forgotten in this room
last week….
– Forgotten in this room
last week, the
umbrella…..
Quiz
steal + paintings
 What is correct: the stealing paintings or the
stolen paintings

Answer to Quiz

The stolen paintings
– because it is correct to say
“I stole the paintings” (object)
 “The paintings were stolen” (passive)
 Not “The paintings stole me” (subject)
 Not “The paintings were stealing” (progressive)

Quiz
Now, let us add a modifier to the participle
stolen:
 Put “stolen from the museum” into this
sentence:

– The paintings were found in an old garage.
Answer to Quiz
The paintings stolen from the museum were
found in an old garage
 Stolen from the museum, the paintings were
found in a old garage
 Not: The stolen from the museum paintings
were found in an old garage

Present Participle
vs.
Gerund
Gerund: Singing is fun
 Participle: Singing in the trees, the birds
have fun

– Difference: Gerund is the subject, Participle is
an adjective and the subject is “birds”
Quiz

Living in Charlotte is very easy
– Is Living a Gerund or a Participle?

Living in Charlotte, Tina has an easy life
– Is Living a Gerund or a Participle?
Answer to Quiz

Living in Charlotte is very easy
– Is Living a Gerund or a Participle?
– Gerund; it is the subject

Living in Charlotte, Tina has an easy life
– Is Living a Gerund or a Participle?
– Participle; Tina is the subject