Shakespeare*s English
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Transcript Shakespeare*s English
In your packet, for each word, record their location in the play.
Based on the sentences I’ve given you, craft a definition for each.
Nuptial: Act I, Sc. i., 1
On the eve of our nuptial, my fiancé and I attended a rehearsal dinner.
Idolatry: Act I, Sc. i., 111
I love chocolate so much that it is almost idolatry.
Woo: Act I, Sc. i., 17
In an effort to woo shoppers, the store offered a “buy-one get-one” sale.
Vexation Act I, Sc. i., 23
My little brother is a constant vexation; he follows me everywhere I go.
Abbreviations: Act1:1:23= act 1, scene 1, line 23
Sovereignty: Act I, Sc. i., 84
Libyan protestors have declared that the people shall have sovereignty over the
country.
Folly: Act I, Sc. i., 205
It was folly to believe that we could ever get away with speeding past a cop.
I did amend things with my mother after our fight so I don’t think
she’s still mad at me.
I have great hopes for my progeny and secretly I hope my son goes to
college but I cannot force this.
A girl’s chastity involves modest behavior; abstain from sex until you
are married.
Our dress code requires girls to be modest: cover everything of
importance up!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c64f0C4TGq0
Old English: 543-1066 AD
• The Vikings move in
• Nu scilun herga hefenricæs uard metudæs
mehti and his modgithanc”
• http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/stella/readings/
recordings/Old%20English/beowulf.wav
Middle English: 1066-1470
• The French move in
• “Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the roote”
http://www.vmi.edu/fswebs.aspx?tid=34099&id=4
3281
Early Modern English: 1470-1650
• The Printing Press comes to England
• “Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind.
And therefore is winged cupid painted blind.”
Modern English: 1650-Present
• England moves everywhere else.
In Shakespeare’s day:
NO dictionaries
NO grammar books
Shakespeare was a poet:
He had to change things to fit his structure
He invented many words to effectively describe things
Ex. Eyeball, moonbeam, skim milk
Elizabethans loved the sound of their language
It was meant to be heard and performed
Word play, or puns, were used frequently
The three main differences between Shakespeare’s language and ours are:
His pronouns
His verb endings
The way he orders his words
The three main differences between
Shakespeare’s language and ours are:
His pronouns
His verb endings
The way he orders his words
• Shakespeare uses the pronouns “Thee” and “Thou”
• We just say “You”
Thou-subject: “Thou art my brother.”
Thee-Object: “Come, let me clutch thee.”
Thy-Possessive Adjective: ”What is thy
name?”
Thine- Possessive Noun: “To thine own self
be true.”
Notice the 2nd Person pronouns. In Modern English, we use the pronoun “YOU.”
Singular Pronouns
Plural Pronouns
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Subject
I
Thou
He/she/it
We
Ye
They
Object
Me
Thee
Him/her/it
Us
You
Them
Possessive
Adj.
My/mine
Thy/thine
His/her/its
Our
Your
Their
Possessive
Noun
Mine
Thine
His/hers/its
Ours
Yours
Theirs
Modern English
You
Your/s
We
Shakespeare’s
English
Thee
Thy
Ye
Thou
Thine
• Shakespeare had to use special verb endings to identify that
word as a verb.
• Ex. Is the word “love” a noun or a verb?
• We know based on clues in the sentence around the word.
With the pronoun “Thou,” add the verb ending:
est, -t, or –st
-
Ex. Thou canst not text in class.
Ex. Thou lovest the summer sun.
With the pronouns “He/She/It” add the verb ending:
-th instead of –s
Ex. She giveth me some money.
Some verbs you might see in Shakespeare:
Today
Early
Mod.
English
You
Thou
Are
Have
Will
Can
Shall
Do
Art
Hast
Wilt
Canst
Shalt
Dost
Wast
Hadst
Wouldst Couldst
Shouldst didst
Modern English usually has a strict word order:
Subject, Verb, Object
Ex. “I ate the sandwich.”
But Shakespeare and Yoda often mess this up:
Ex. “When 900 years old you reach, look as good you will not.”
In the sentence “I ate the sandwich,” identify the parts of
speech:
Subject:
Verb:
For us word order changes meaning:
Ex. The sandwich ate I.
To put these sentences back in order:
Place the subject before the verb.