Transcript El Pretérito (1 of 2 past tenses)

El Pretérito (1 of 2 past tenses)
El Pretérito
● Used to express a “completed” action that occurred in
the past
● A timeframe is usually stated that it occurred ONCE
● Trigger words & expressions help us decide to choose
either the preterite or the imperfect tense (the
‘other’ past tense).
Preterite trigger
words are:
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ayer
anoche
anteayer
la semana pasada
el fin de semana
el fin de semana pasado
hace tres días
Después, . . . afterwards
Entonces, . . . then, . . . (a
sequence of events)
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Una vez - one time
La primera vez - the first time
La última vez - the last time
De repente - suddenly
En ese momento - in that moment
En seguida - right away
Inmediatamente - immediately
Terminar - to finish
Empezar/comenzar - to begin
Por (time) - for a certain amount of time
Desde el primero momento - from the
first moment
● Esa vez - that time
● Aquel día - that day
El Pretérito
Irregulares: Twin verbs (identical & fraternal)
If a verb in its infinitive
form is only 2-3 letters
long then there are NO
ACCENTS in BOTH the
preterite and present
tenses..
ir: to go
ser: to be
dar: to give
ver: to see
{Las piratas}
Verbos irregulares solo en la forma “yo” (the ‘eye’ form)
Los verbos que terminan en -car, -gar, -zar tiene cambio
en la forma yo.
-car c changes to qué
-gar g changes to gué
-zar z changes to cé
Irregular solo en el “yo” (PIRATE “EYE” FORM)
Irregular solo en
el “yo” (PIRATE
“EYE” FORM)
Los verbos que tiene -car, -gar, zar son:
Common -car verbs:
practicar
tocar
marcar
buscar
atacar
clasificar
aparcar
calificar (to grade /qualify)
Irregular solo en el
“yo” (PIRATE “EYE”
FORM)
Los verbos que tiene -car, -gar, zar son:
Common -gar verbs:
Llegar
Pagar
Jugar
Navegar
Entregar - to hand in; deliver
Colgar - to hang
Rogar - to beg
Tragar - to swallow
Irregular solo en el
“yo” (PIRATE “EYE”
FORM)
Los verbos que tiene -car, -gar, zar son:
Common -gar verbs:
Empezar
Comenzar
Almorzar
Lanzar
Organizar
Cruzar - to cross
Rezar - to recite,pray
Cazar - to hunt
Alcanzar - to reach
Otros verbos que
son “piratas”
-car
Muchas palabras son cognados.
Otros verbos que
son “piratas”
-gar
Muchas palabras son cognados.
Otros verbos que
son “piratas”
-zar
Muchas palabras son cognados.
Hay una
manera para
recordar los
irregularesen todas las
6 formas . . .
NO
ACENTOS
Irregular en todas las 6 formas . . . NO ACENTOS
For the -U group
remember “pups” and that
there are 2 pups named
(1) caber and (2) haber.
poner: to put or place
poder: to be able to
saber (in the preterite): to find out
caber: to fit
haber: (form of “there is” & “there are”
& a helping verb
Irregular en todas las 6 formas . . . NO ACENTOS
For the -UV group, remember that
you don’t want your skin to EAT
UV rays. Anytime you see a verb
within a base verb then treat the
conjugation like the “base” verb.
For example, “TENER” is seen
within “mantener” then conjugate
“manTENER” like “TENER”.
estar: to be (location & feelings)
andar: to walk
tener: to have
Irregular en todas las 6 formas . . . NO ACENTOS
Remember the “I” group as “HIV
¿Qué?
hacer: to do; to make
venir: to come
querer: to want; to like; to love
Irregular en todas las 6 formas . . . NO ACENTOS
Remember “-J/-CIR” rhymes
with decir. If a verb ends with
“cir” (and “traer”), then it will
have a “J” in all 6 forms.
conducir: to drive
decir: to say; to tell
producir: to produce
traducir: to translate
traer: to bring
Irregular en todas las tercera personas plural y singular
If you flip the “Y” upside down in the verb
chart as you see in the picture then you can
see that the “irregular” form is in the 3rd
person singular and plural. Caer, creer, leer &
oír HAVE ACCENTS in all forms but the 3rd
person plural. You can remember these 4
verbs because they aren’t -UIR, but there are
2 vowels in front of the “r”. (cAEr, crEEr, lEEr,
Oír.
caer: to fall
huir: to flee
creer: to believe
incluir: to include
destruir: to destroy
influir: to influence
leer: to read
sustituir: to substitute
oír: to hear
construir: to construct
contribuir: to contribute
Irregular en las terceras personas plural y singular
I see the chart as a girl wearing pajamas and
slippers. The verbs are irregular in the
“SLIPPER” part of the girl (the 3rd person
singular & plural).
corregir: to correct
repetir: to repeat
divertirSE: to have fun
seguir: to follow
dormir: to sleep
sentir: to regret
freír: to fry
sentirSE: to feel
hervir: to boil
servir: to serve
medir: to measure
sugerir: to suggest
morir: to die
vestir(SE): to get dressed
pedir: to order; to ask for
preferir: to prefer
If it wears a boot in
the present,
it wore a flip-flop in
the past!
Most-Morir
Drunk-Dormir
People-Pedir
Very-Vestirse
Rarely-Repetir
See-Seguir
Signs-Servir
Please-Preferir
Drive-Divertirse
Safely-Sentirse
In the preterite, stem changes take place ONLY:
Most-Morir
Drunk-Dormir
People-Pedir
Very-Vestirse
Rarely-Repetir
See-Seguir
Signs-Servir
Please-Preferir
Drive-Divertirse
Safely-Sentirse
*in -ir verbs
*in 3rd person
*e->i
Or
o -> u
If it wears a boot in the present, it wore a flip-flop in the
past!
-AR and -ER verbs do NOT change
Por ejemplo:
Pensar
Pensé
Pensamos
Pensaste
Pensasteis
Pensó
Pensaron
Is the verb ACTION or DESCRIPTION?
If ACTION: What kind
of action?
If DESCRIPTION,
use imperfect
Action once?
Or repeated?
Action completed?
Or still on-going?
Is action at the
beginning of end?
Or somewhere IN THE MIDDLE?
Are the actions in a
sequence?
Or are they happening
SIMULTANEOUSLY?
Use the preterite
Use the imperfect