Transcript Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives and Adverbs
Chapter 5
Lesson 1: What Are
Adjectives?
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Adjective – a word that modifies (describes) a noun or a
pronoun
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Adjectives answer 4 questions about the words they
modify: what kind; which one(s); how many; how much
Examples:
A thin, tired old man sat in the sunny park on a faded
blanket.
The fat, lazy dog rested in the warm sun on the back
porch.
Three brown toads hopped across the garden path.
Articles
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Articles – the most commonly used adjectives:
a, an, the
1.
indefinite articles – (a, an) - modify a nonspecific
person, place, thing, idea
EX: A black goat stood on the hillside.
An eraser was thrown across the table.
2.
definite article – (the) - refers to a specific or
particular person, place, thing, idea
EX: The first person in the door was Trevor.
Forming Adjectives
Many adjectives are formed from nouns.
Example – music  musical; storm  stormy;
beauty  beautiful; winter  wintery
Kodi’s musical talent astonished the entire group.
The stormy weather frightened many people.
The beautiful tulips are in full bloom.
The wintery mix of ice and rain made the roads unsafe.
Proper Adjectives
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Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns;
they are always capitalized.
EX: Mexico  Mexican sombrero;
Canada  Canadian flag;
France  French cuisine;
Scotland  Scottish bagpipes
Predicate Adjectives
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A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a
linking verb and describes the verb’s subject. The
linking verb connects the predicate adjective with the
subject.
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Predicate adjectives can follow the forms of be:
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
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Predicate adjectives can also follow other common
linking verbs: appear, become, feel, grow, look,
remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
Examples of Predicate
Adjectives in a Sentence
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EXAMPLES:
Dakotah seems confused about the assignment. (The
predicate adjective confused describes Dakotah.)
My cat is fat and lazy. (The adjectives fat and lazy
describe the cat.)
Emily and Hunter appear happy to be here today. (The
adjective happy describes Emily and Hunter.)
Those chocolate chip cookies smell delicious! (The
adjective delicious describes the cookies.)
Other Words Used as
Adjectives
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In addition to their usual uses, many nouns and
pronouns can also be used as adjectives. They
modify other nouns to make their meanings more
specific.
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Examples:
The class roster is on the desk.
Her cell phone is being reprogrammed.
Pronouns Used as
Adjectives
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Demonstrative Pronouns: this, that, these, those are
pronouns that can be used as adjectives. We call them
demonstrative adjectives.
Examples:
This is my best friend Susan. (pronoun)
This friend is always here for me. (adjective – describes
friend; tells which one)
That is not the correct answer. (pronoun)
That answer is not correct. (adjective – describes answer;
tells which one)
Possessive Pronouns Used
as Adjectives
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Possessive Pronouns – my, our, your, her, his, its, their
are possessive pronouns that are used as adjectives.
Examples:
My dog is a black cocker spaniel.
Brandon and Zane asked their friends to a pizza fest.
Our next assignment will involve creative writing.
Did you do your homework?
Indefinite Pronouns Can
Also Be Used as Adjectives
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Indefinite Pronouns such as all, each, both, few, most,
some can be used as adjectives.
EXAMPLES:
There are a few good pencils left in the box.
Each person is responsible for his or her actions.
Both boys were racing for the kite.
Most people study for their tests.
Some leftover pizza is in the refrigerator.
Nouns Used as Adjectives
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Nouns may also be used as adjectives to describe
other nouns.
EXAMPLES:
Please put the groceries in a paper bag.
I bought a new leather jacket when it was on sale.
I have three separate internet accounts.
Many students will be working on their science projects
on our field trip to the zoo.
What is an Adverb?
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An adverb is a word that modifies/describes a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb.
Examples:
Miss Setree strongly advised her students to study.
(Strongly is an adverb that modifies the verb advised.)
We were very proud of our team’s achievements.
(Very is an adverb that modifies the adjective proud.)
That student almost always wins the shot put competition.
(Almost is an adverb modifying the adverb always which modifies
the verb wins.)
Adverbs Answer 5
Questions
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Adverbs answer 5 questions about the words they modify. Adverbs tell
where, when, how, how often, to what extent about the words they modify.
Examples:
Bob scattered his homework papers everywhere! (where Bob scattered the
papers)
Sometimes I forget my books for science class.
books)
(when do I forget my
Sarah patiently waited for her brother to pick her up after school. (how did
Sarah wait)
We often make trips to the Dairy Queen for hot fudge sundaes. (how often do
we make trips to the DQ?)
I am very excited about our upcoming trip to Montana!
excited)
(to what extent am I
Words Commonly Used
as Adverbs
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Here are some examples of words that are often used
as adverbs in sentences:
Where? here, there, everywhere
When? now, never, always, often
How?
well, hard, fast, much
How often? daily, usually, seldom
To what extent? very, too, quite, almost
Positions of Adverbs in a
Sentence
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The positions of adverbs can vary in sentences.
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An adverb that modifies an adjective or another
adverb usually comes just before the word it
modifies.
Example: Tara is almost always late for gym class.
In this sentence – always is an adverb that modifies the
adjective late, and almost is an adverb that modifies
the adverb always.
Positions of Adverbs in
Sentences
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An adverb that modifies a verb can be placed after
the verb, before the verb, at the beginning of the
sentence, or at the end of the sentence. This allows
us to add some variety to our writing.
Example:
The students worked quietly on their science projects.
The students quietly worked on their science projects.
Quietly, the students worked on their science projects.
The students worked on their science projects quietly.
Intensifiers
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Intensifiers are adverbs that modify adjectives or other adverbs.
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They are usually placed directly before the words they modify.
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Intensifiers usually answer the question “To what extent?”
about the words they modify.
Examples: The clerk was very helpful.
That basket is quite heavy.
I am especially proud of your work.
question.
He responded rather quickly to your
Commonly Used
Intensifiers
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Words that are commonly used as intensifiers:
almost
quite
too
especially
rather
usually
extremely
really
very
just
so
nearly
somewhat
practically
such
Forming Adverbs
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Many adverbs are formed by adding –ly to an
adjective.
quick  quickly
slow  slowly
sad  sadly
careless  carelessly
Not and –n’t
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Not is NEVER part of the verb. It is always an
adverb. Even when used as a contraction, not/n’t is
never a part of the verb.
Examples:
I am not going to the school picnic.
Sarah didn’t know the answer to that math problem.
Brent did not do his homework.
Kara wouldn’t buy her brother a new X-Box game.