Transcript El Subjuntivo

El Subjuntivo
No es tan complicado…
En Español
The subjuntivo is not a tense; rather, it is a mood.
Tense refers to when an action takes place (past,
present, future), while mood merely reflects how the
speaker feels about the action.
The subjunctive mood is rarely used in English, but it
is widely used in Spanish.
Further Explanation
It is used to express the hypothetical or subjective, such as a
speaker’s attitudes, wishes, feelings, emotions, or doubts.
Unlike the indicative, which states facts, the subjunctive
describes reality subjectively, or refers to actions or states
that are not yet reality at all (and maybe never will be).
Most commonly (although not always), the subjunctive
verb is used in a clause that starts with the relative
pronoun que (meaning "which," "that" or "who").
Frequently, the sentences that contain a subjunctive verb
are used to express doubt, uncertainty, denial, desire,
commands or reactions to the clause containing the
subjunctive verb.
The Spanish Subjunctive
Notice the following examples:
Creo que Luis va a Cartagena.
I believe that Luis is going to Cartagena. (Certainty:
indicative)
No creo que Luis vaya a San Andrés.
I don’t think that Luis is going to San Andrés.
(Uncertainty: subjunctive)
Formula for when subjunctive is used ->
S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2
This VERB has to TRIGGER the
subjunctive. It must denote
emotion, denial, uncertainty,
volition, influence, desire, etc.
This verb will
be in the
subjunctive.
Many common expressions
introduce subjunctive clauses:
Es una pena que... "It is a shame that..."
Quiero que... "I want..."
Ojalá... "I hope..."
Es importante que... "It is important that..."
Me alegro de que... "I am happy that..."
Es bueno que... "It is good that..."
Es necesario que... "It is necessary that..."
Dudo que... "I doubt that..."
The forms of the subjunctive
Step 1: Start with the yo form of the verb in the present
tense (this applies to all three conjugations):
hablo
como
vivo
If we are careful to begin with this step, verbs with irregular
stems and yo forms will be included and will not be considered
irregular in the subjunctive:
conocer → conozco
decir → digo
dormir → duermo
hacer → hago
oír → oigo
pedir → pido
perder → pierdo
querer → quiero
tener → tengo
traer → traigo
venir → vengo
ver → veo
The forms of the subjunctive
Step 2: Take off the final o of the yo form:
hablo
como
viv o
Step 3: Add the “opposite” endings:
For -ar verbs: Add -er verb endings.
hable
hables
hable
hablemos
habléis
hablen
Notice that the first- and third-person singular forms are identical.
The forms of the subjunctive
Step 3: Add the “opposite” endings:
For -er and -ir verbs: Add -ar verb endings to both.
coma
comas
com a
comamos
comáis
coman
viv a
viv as
viv a
viv amos
viv áis
viv an
Again, first- and third-person singular forms are identical.
Indicativo = Normal
No influence
Straight forward
Business-like…
No emotion
Just the facts, ma’am.
Subjuntivo = Hippie Dude
Hypothetical…
Emotional…
Philosophizing…
Doubting…
Unsure…
In Denial…
Under the
influence…
Desire…
Not based in
reality…
Subjunctive Triggers of Influence
Querer
Recomendar
Insistir en
Sugerir
Preferir
Pedir
Mandar
Es necesario
Prohibir
Es urgente
Permitir
Es importante
Desear
Es mejor
+ que + subjunctive
Sugiero que hables con tus padres.
Subjunctive Triggers of Emotion
Alegrarse de
Es mejor
Esperar
Es bueno
Sentir
Es malo
Temer
Es ridículo
Tener miedo de
Es terrible
Me gusta
Es una lástima
Te molesta
Es urgente
Le sorprende
¡Qué extraño
Es extraño
¡Qué lástima
Es increible
Me alegro de que vayas a estudiar en México.
+ que + subjunctive
Subjunctive Triggers of Doubt & Denial
No creer
Es probable
Dudar
No es probable
Negar
Es improbable
No es cierto
No es
improbable
No es seguro
No es verdad
+ que + subjunctive
No estar
seguro/a (de)
Es posible
No es posible
Dudo que hayas estudiado para el examen.
Videos that Explain Usage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlJxXPtv0cE&feature=
related (Formation - Irregulars)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTTcm9OAcDo&featur
e=related (Influence)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOsgpBgQDiA&featur
e=related (Emotion)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjLJgCkRkjM&feature
=related (Doubt and Denial)