Transcript The Adverb
* الحال * 1. the adverb is a word joined to a verb, an adjective, or another adverb to express some quality or circumstance respecting it. كلمة تضاف لفعل أو صفة أو حال أخرى للتعبير:* الظرف .عن خاصية أو حالة معينة تختص به * Ali writes well علي يكتب جي ًدا writes يصف الفعلwell نجد في هذا المثال أن الحال ويأتي بعده * * Adverbs can be confused with adjectives, which also modify things. However, adjectives modify nouns and pronouns. If you said "I have a nice dog," dog is the noun which is being modified by the adjective nice. On the other hand, if you said that "My dog quickly ate his dinner," the adverb "quickly" would modify the verb "ate." * In addition to verbs, adverbs also modify adjectives and other adverbs. So, when you say "I have the most beautiful dog," the dog is the noun, beautiful is the adjective describing the noun, and most is the adverb describing beautiful. * Samia is exceedingly beautiful سامية غاية في الجمال نجد في هذا المثال أن الظرف exceedinglyتصف الصفة beautifulويأتي قبلها. Sami speaks very correctly. يتحدث سامي بدقة كبيرة نجد في هذا المثال أن الحال correctlyتصف الفعل speaksوتأتي بعده وأن الحال veryتصف الحال correctlyوتأتي قبله. ولهذا يجب على المترجم أن يراعي هذا الترتيب عند الترجمة إلى اللغة اإلنجليزية. * Adverbs generally express some circumstance of time, place, manner or quality. * Adverbs express in a single word what would otherwise require two or more words. ويعبر الظرف في كلمة واحدة ماكان يمكن التعبير عنه .بكلمتين أو أكثر Where → in what place whence→ from what place Too → in an excessive degree Elegantly → in an elegant matter * Adverbs are divided into several classes: * Adverbs of number: * Examples: once, twice, thrice ثالث مرات، مرتين،مرة واحدة First, secondly, thirdly ً ثال ًثا، ثانيًا،أوًل * Adverbs of time: Examples: منذ وقت مضى ،قدي ً ما →Ago مسب ًقا ،منذ فترة وجيزة →Already يوميًا →daily إلى األبد →ever في كل ساعة →Hourly اآلن →Now ثم →Then * Adverbs of place: Here→ هنا There→ هناك Where→ في مكان،حيث Hence→ من هذا المكان Thence→ من ذلك المكان Upward→ إلى أعلى Downward→ إلى أسفل Elsewhere → مكان آخر * Adverbs of manner or quality: * Such as; well, ill, how, softly, sweetly, etc. * Example: My words were ill-chosen. Adverbs of quality are generally formed from adjectives by adding –ly e.g. quick→ quickly Examples: He is a quick runner. هو عداء سريع He runs quickly. إنه يجري بسرعة * Adverbs of quantity: Very→ ج ًدا Exceedingly→ في منتهى Too→ بدرجة عظيمة Enough→ بدرجة كافية Examples: It is too difficult to solve. إنها صعبة ج ًدا لدرجة ًليمكن حلها She is exceedingly beautiful. إنها غاية في الجمال * Adverbs of affirmation, negation, and doubts: Yea, yes→ موافق،نعم Verily, truly→ حقيقة،بالريب Surely, undoubtedly, certainly→ بالشك في،بالتأكيد ذلك Nay, no, not→ ليس، ًل،كال Perhaps, possible→ من المتوقع، من المحتمل،ربما Examples: Perhaps, he’ll do it. ربما سيقوم بأدائها Verily, he is a man of war. حقيقة إنه رجل محارب He will undoubtedly come. سوف يحضر بال ريب * Some adverbs are compared like adjectives: ً Soon, sooner, soonest→ حاًل Sweetly, more sweetly, most sweetly→ برقة • She spoke more quickly than he did. The following adverbs are compared irregularly: Positive comparative superlative سيءill or bad worse worst كثيرMuch more most better best جي ًدا/حس ًناWell * Examples: She appears more sweetly than ever before. .تبدو أكثر عذوبة من أي وقت مضى She is much better than a week ago. هي اآلن أفضل بكثير عما كانت عليه منذ أسبوع مضى You're driving worse today than yesterday ! قيادتك اليوم أسوأ من قيادتك باألمس * Some adverbs are formed by prefixing a to a noun or an adjective. Afar بعي ًدا Ashore باتجاه الشاطئ Two or more words together are sometimes used as adverbs . Such a union of words is called an adverbial phrase: Now and then من حين آلخر At best في أحسن األحوال،في أحسن ظروفه Translate the following: * He swims well. * He ran quickly. * She spoke softly. * The child ran happily towards his mother. * I have nowhere to go. * She ran towards me. * He worked abroad. * This magazine is published monthly. * I am still hungry. * The water was extremely cold. * You are walking too slowly. * This coffee is too hot. * We seldom cross the river after sunset.