Transcript Past Participle

Past Participle
To form the past participle, simply
drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir)
and add:
-ado (for -ar verbs)
-ido (for -er, ir verbs)
• hablar - ar + ado = hablado
• comer - er + ido = comido
• vivir - ir + ido = vivido
Most past participles can be used as
adjectives. Like other adjectives, they
agree in gender and number with the
nouns that they modify.
• La puerta está cerrada.
The door is closed.
• Las puertas están cerradas.
The doors are closed.
• El restaurante está abierto.
The restaurant is open.
• Los restaurantes están abiertos.
The restaurants are open.
Here is a table to help you decide the
ending of the past participle:
Masculine
Feminine
Singular
Plural
-ado
-ido
-ada
-ida
-ados
-idos
-adas
-idas
Note that for -er and -ir verbs, if the
stem ends in a vowel, a written accent
will be required.
• creer – creído
• oír - oído
• Note: this rule does not apply, and no written
accent is required for verbs ending in -uir.
(construir, seguir, influir, distinguir, etc.)
Irregulars
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
abrir (to open) - abierto (open)
cubrir (to cover) - cubierto (covered)
decir (to say) - dicho (said)
escribir (to write) - escrito (written)
freír (to fry) - frito (fried)
hacer (to do) - hecho (done)
morir (to die) - muerto (dead)
poner (to put) - puesto (put)
resolver (to resolve) - resuelto (resolved)
romper (to break) - roto (broken)
ver (to see) - visto (seen)
volver (to return) - vuelto (returned)
Note that compound verbs based on
the irregular verbs inherit the same
irregularities. Here are a few
examples:
• componer - compuesto
• describir - descrito
• devolver - devuelto
The past participle can be combined
with the verb "ser" to express the
passive voice. Use this construction
when an action is being described, and
introduce the doer of the action with
the word "por."
• La casa fue construida por los carpinteros.
The house was built by the carpenters.
• La tienda es abierta todos los días por el dueño.
The store is opened every day by the owner.