Transcript BAD BOY- Unit 1 grammar concepts and book chapters

UNIT 1 & BAD BOY
By Walter Dean Myers
Chapters 1 and 2: Annotations
◦ What am I looking for?
How do I annotate it?
◦ Definitions
Def. * [ ]
◦ Lists, features, causes, effects,
1. (done in the text/margin)
◦ characteristics, reasons
2.
◦ Names, dates, events that are key
Underline or (circle)
◦ Examples of main idea
ex (in the margin)
◦ Good summary of the passage
{ (in the margin)
◦ Good test questions of the passage
T.Q. (in the margin)
◦ Something you didn’t understand
?? (in the margin or the text)
PARTS OF SPEECH
Noun
◦ A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists
can be named, and that name is a noun.
◦ girl, dog, house, car, school, classroom
◦ The dog was fat.
◦ The house caught on fire.
◦ A proper noun names a specific person, place, or thing
◦ Carlos, Queen Marguerite, Middle East, Jerusalem, Malaysia,
Presbyterianism, Spanish, the Republican Party is almost
always capitalized.
◦ You are attending Lone Star Middle School.
◦ Olivia loves to sleep all day.
Verbs
carries the idea of being or action in the sentence
Action verbs:
Words that tell what the noun does
◦
◦
◦
◦
The students passed all their courses.
Josie jumped over the fence.
She runs out on the field when she plays soccer.
Sally ran across the road.
State of being verbs:
Linking Verbs:
Words that show that the noun exists and link them to the rest of the sentence
◦ I am a student.
◦ They are happy when he is outside.
Helping Verbs (auxiliary):
Help show you the action (will, shall, may, might, can, could, must, ought to, should, would, used to, need )
I have finished my dinner.
I might go to the movies.
Pronoun
◦ refers to a noun, an individual or thing whose identity is
made clear earlier in the text. (the pronoun's antecedent)
◦ Replaces a noun
◦ He, she, it, they, we, them, your, which
◦ Bob likes to eat chocolate. He also enjoys watermelon.
◦ Jane and Dolly love to bake cakes. They enjoy baking lemon
the most.
Adjective
◦ words that describe or modify the
noun or pronoun in a sentence
◦ Blue car
◦ Old tractor
◦ Rusty sign
◦ Small boat
The Articles — a, an, and the
— are adjectives
the tall professor
the small mouse
a solid commitment
a month's pay
a six-year-old child
the unhappiest, richest man
Adverb
◦ words that modify verbs or adjectives in a sentence
◦ often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something
happened.
◦ Usually end in ly (most of the time, not always)
◦ a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)
◦ an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?)
◦ an adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did
she move?)
◦ Cheerfully, lightly, beautifully, now, first, last, usually, always, today,
tomorrow, only
Interjection
◦ words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or command
◦ Express an emotion
◦ Usually are followed by , or !
◦ Wow, oh, hooray, excuse me, hey, shh, yes, duh,
◦ Wow! I won the lottery!
◦ Excuse me class, be quiet!
◦ Shh, the boy is reading.
◦ Hooray! We are out of school!
◦ Congratulations! You graduated from college!
Conjunction
◦ Is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence
◦ And, but, or, so, for, nor, yet
◦ Jacob likes to play basketball, yet his favorite sport is tennis.
◦ Lone Star Middle School is the best middle school in Idaho, so
that is why I am attending school there.
◦ I have an itch on my back, but I cannot reach it.
◦ Sally loves to bake brownies with her mother, and sometimes
her little sister will help.
◦ That is neither what I said nor what I meant.
Preposition
◦ Word used to show a relationship between a noun or pronoun and
some other word in a sentence
◦ Specify a place, direction, or time something happened.
◦ telling when or where or under what conditions something happened.
◦ On, above, across, beneath, outside, toward, below, by, during, onto,
under, within, without, between, down, from, in, throughout, at
◦ The book was under the desk. (shows relationship between book and
desk)
◦ The boy fell in the lake without a life jacket.
◦ Christine walked toward the school building.
◦ I had to crawl beneath the old dirty house.
Prepositional Phrase
◦ Consists of a preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the
object.
◦ The object of the preposition is the noun or pronoun following the
preposition.
◦ People communicate in many ways.
◦ Preposition: in
◦ Object: ways
◦ Prepositional phrase: in many ways.
◦ The children laughed at the clown.
◦ People enjoy talking with one another.
Chapter #3
Let's Hear it for the First Grade
◦ Now that you learned the parts of speech you need to identify them within your
reading: list the page number in which it was found in parenthesis ( ).
◦ Ex: pronoun: us (1)
Identify the following in the chapter:
◦ 4 nouns
◦ 4 verbs
◦ 4 pronouns
◦ 3 conjunctions
◦ 2 prepositions
◦ 4 adjectives
◦ 2 adverbs
SENTENCES AND
PUNCTUATION
Clauses
A group of words that contain both a subject and a verb
Independent: expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a
sentence. (main clause)
- contains subject and verb
The gardener calculated the total area.
Dependent: contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete
thought.
after she measured the plot carefully
Simple Sentence
Has one independent clause and no dependent clause.
The fish swam.
The little girl danced.
The boy and girl walked to school.
The boy loves to play basketball and baseball.
Compound Sentence
consists of two or more independent clauses joined
together, but no dependent clause. May be joined by a
coordinating conjunction or a semicolon.
Susie loves to go to the store by herself,
but she would rather have someone go
with her.
The dog barked; the cat screeched.
The girl didn’t want to go to the water
park, so she decided to stay home.
Coordinating
conjunctions:
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
FANBOYS
Complex sentence
consists of one independent clause and one dependent clause
- Introduced with a subordinating conjunction
The dog barked although he was well fed.
The boy cried because he lost his tooth.
The squirrel jumped out of the tree when he saw a cat climbing it.
Although every sport involves some risk, people who take part in
extreme sports face a higher-than-average level of risk.
Subordinating conjunctions:
after
although
as
as soon as
because
before
even though
if
since
than
though
unless
until
when
whenever
Wherever
which
while
Compound-Complex sentence
has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent
clauses.
Many people claimed that they had seen ghosts in the windows, and
others believed them.
As soon as the duck quacked, the frog jumped on the lily pad, and the
rooster crowed.
Punctuation
Interrogative: (?) asks a direct question or requests information
Where did the dog hide his bone?
Exclamatory: (!) shows a strong emotion (interjection)
Wow! You are an awesome teacher!
Imperative: (.) gives a command or ask someone to do something
Clear the table for dinner.
Declarative: (.) declares a statement or states a fact
The bus was late to school.
Chapter #4 Arithmetic Summer
Identify the following in the chapter and write the page number in which it was found.
(focus on key examples from the text)
Ex: Simple sentence: Each of us is born with a history already in place (1).
◦ 2 compound-complex sentences
◦ 2 compound sentences
◦ 2 complex sentences
◦ 2 nouns
◦ 2 verbs
◦ 2 pronouns
◦ 2 conjunctions
◦ 2 adjectives
◦ 2 adverbs
◦ 2 prepositions
◦ Explain a time in your life when you had surgery or when someone you know had surgery. How did you
feel? What did you go through? (answer using and underlining at least 1 compound-complex sentence,
1 complex sentence, and 1 compound sentence)
Chapter #5 Bad Boy
1. On page 35-36, Walter takes a step back from his own life to give a description of
the broader political and cultural climate of 1947. Is this good for someone to do
when writing a memoir? Explain in 4-5 sentences why or why not?
2. Why does Walter prefer his name to be Walter Myers?
3. In this chapter we are introduced to Walter’s “bad” behaviors. What “bad” behaviors
did he do, and do you think he understood the seriousness of his actions? Do you think
he should have been more severely punished for these behaviors?
4. In what ways is Walter’s community sensitive to racial differences? In what ways is it
insensitive to racial differences?
5. Who is the subject of Walter’s first published poem?
6. Describe in 2-3 sentences (underline 1 compound-complex) how bullying can
negatively impact the person who is being bullied.
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
AND IN-TEXT
CITATIONS:
Why do you need to cite
information?
◦When you are writing a paper that
includes information from a source,
you must give credit to the person
who wrote it.
There is 3 ways to cite information
• Quoting:
Writing a direct line from a text
• Paraphrasing:
Writing information from a text in your own words
• Summarizing:
Writing a summary on an entire text in your own words
NO matter which way you cite your information, you
must give credit to the author who originally wrote it
Quoting: the use of direct words that is identical to the original, therefore matching the source document word for
word.
“quotation marks” (author’s last name, page number).
“Each of us is born with a history already in place. There are physical aspects that make us brown-eyed or blue-eyed,
that make us tall or not so tall, or give us curly or straight hair” (Myers, 1).
According to Myers, “Each of us is born with a history already in place” (1).
Paraphrasing: the use of a passage from the source document into your own words, therefore it usually is shorter than
the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
Paraphrase (page number).
Everyone is unique in their own way, whether it’s how we look or how we act, we are each born with a history all
ready in line for us (Myers,1).
Summarizing: the use of putting the main idea(s) into your own words, which includes only the main point(s). Like a
paraphrase it will be significantly shorter than the original document; takes a broader overview.
Walter Dean Myers faced many obstacles his life, but racial discrimination in the biggest obstacle he faced. After
reading the book Bad Boy, I was able to see how he struggled growing up. Even though he made some bad
decisions, he never let himself see his skin color, nor did that stop him from following his dream to become a writer.
Chapter #6 Mr. Irwin Lasher
◦ In Mr. Lasher’s sixth-grade class, Walter’s grades and behavior improved. Why
do you think Walter does better in this class than in previous classes?
◦ Why do you think Walter tells his father that his mother beat him rather than
admitting the truth-that he was injured trying to hitch a ride on a taxi? Do you
think Walter’s lie is justifiable and why?
◦ (Explain each question in 4-5 sentences; underline 1 compound, 1 complex sentence)
Chapter #6 Mr. Irwin Lasher
What makes a good
teacher?
Chapter #7 I Am Not the Center of
the Universe
◦ After you and finished annotating, answer questions 1 and 3 by citing textual
evidence and using an in-text citation
◦ Ex: “Each of us is born with a history already in place” (Myers 1).
◦ 1. What challenges did Walter go through to help him grow/mature to discover
a new identity for himself?
◦ 2. Does it always take extreme circumstances to overcome a challenge? Explain
why or why not?
◦ 3. What role did self reflection play in Walter’s personal growth?
POINT OF VIEW
Point of view
◦ Who is telling the story/ How the story is being told
◦ First person: shows the action through the eyes of one of the characters. This
character, narrator, uses the pronouns I, me, my, our, and us.
◦ Second person: has a narrator who uses the pronoun you to address the reader
directly
◦ Third person: has a narrator who does not take part in the action of the story
and who uses the pronouns he, she, him, her, they and them when describing
the characters.
◦ Omniscient: a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and
feelings of all of the characters in the story
◦ Limited: the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings to one character's perspective.
STYLE AND PURPOSE
Author’s style
◦ How something is said or written (not what is said)
◦ When thinking about style, first consider the clothes people wear, like we looked at with
labels. Whatever they wear, people choose clothes to express themselves and their
own personal style.
◦ Authors have style too, but it's not a clothing style, it’s called literary style. Writers express
their ideas in specific ways by using just the right word and putting it in just the right
place. A literary style reflects the author's personality and the purpose for their writing.
It’s not what they are saying, but how they are saying it.
Style
How something is said or written (not what is said)
◦ Word choice
◦ Sentence length
◦ Figurative language
◦ Tone
Author’s Purpose
An author’s purpose is the reason an author decides to write
about a specific topic.
◦ Persuade
◦ Inform
◦ Entertain
◦ Explain (gives ideas to the reader)
Chapter #10 Heady Days at
Stuyvesant High
◦ In 3-4 paragraphs re-write an event in this chapter from another character’s
(Florence Dean, William Dean, or Herbert Dean) perspective or point of view.
◦ How does POV change the overall feel of the story? Is the story being told
differently than how Walter is telling it? How so?
◦ Describe, in 2-3 sentences, Walter’s writing style in this chapter.
Chapter #11 The Garment Center
◦ Cite two pieces of textual evidence to support why Walter was
doing “bad” in school. Remember to use a direct quotation and
an in-text citation to support your answer. Also, support your
textual evidence with 2 sentences
THEME
Theme
◦ Is the meaning, moral, or message about life that the writer conveys to the
reader
◦ “universal truth”- valid all time/places
◦ complete sentence
Are usually not relevant in the story, but are relevant by:
◦ Title, setting, or characters
◦ Important phrases or statements
◦ The ways the characters change and the lessons they learn about life
DENOTATION AND
CONNOTATION
Denotation
◦ The strict dictionary definition
◦ May be found in:
◦ Dictionary
◦ Glossaries
◦ Thesaurus
Connotation
◦ The attitudes, emotions and feelings associated with the word
◦ May be positive or negative
PLOT
The pattern of events in a narrative or drama.
What a Plot does
◦ It introduces you to the people you’ve never met
◦ It puts them in interesting or problematic situations
◦ It makes them move around to different locations
◦ It makes them question their own thoughts or actions
◦ And in the end it makes them better people
What do these mean in a plot map?
They are the sequence of related events that make up a story
◦ Exposition (Beginning): introduces the characters, setting, and conflicts.
◦ Characters: Who is in the story
◦ Setting: where the story is taking place (time and place or
◦ location)
◦ Conflict: the issues happening in the story
◦ Rising action: characters engage in conflict
◦ Climax: the turning point to where major conflicts erupt
◦ Falling action: Things happening after climax or consequences after the conflicts erupts
◦ Resolution (End): part of the plot that occurs when conflicts are resolved and loose ends are tied
up. The closure to the story.
Chapter #18 Sweet Sixteen and
Chapter #19 The Typist
◦ Using the Bad Boy vocabulary terms below: state the denotation
and connotation for each word
◦ Lynching
◦ Tenement
◦ Minority
◦ Impediment
◦ Racism
◦ Disability
◦ Create a plot map for Bad Boy