Transcript Phrases - 7T

The Phrase
• A phrase is a group of related
words. It does NOT create a
sentence.
Kinds of Phrases
• Verb phrase
• Prepositional phrase
– Adjective phrase
– Adverb phrase
and
• Appositive phrase
• also coming up…
VERBAL phrases…
The Verb Phrase
• A verb phrase consists of at least one main
verb and one or more helping verbs. A
helping verb (also called an auxiliary verb)
helps the main verb express action or a
state of being.
is
leaving
Besides of all forms of the verb be , the
following verbs can be used as helping
verbs:
• can
•had
•must
• could
•has
•shall
• did
•have
•should
• do
•may
•will
• does
•might
•would
Notice how the helping verbs work
together with the main verbs to form
complete verb phrases.
• Would you like some soup?
• You should have offered sooner.
• We shall probably be finished in an hour.
• She was always thinking of her future.
• Has my sister shown you her newest painting?
• She shouldn’t have borrowed that necklace.
The Prepositional Phrase…
…is a group of words beginning with a
preposition and ending with a noun or
pronoun (the OP).
• in my hair
• on the floor
• next to the tree
•beyond the forest
•beneath the bridge
•according to my mother
The anatomy (pattern) of a
Prepositional Phrase:
OP
(with a friend)
or
OP
(with my parents)
other possibilities are…
OP
(to me)
Or
OP
(Because of the very fun lesson)
Identifying kinds of prepositional
phrases:
Prepositional Phrase
Adjective Phrase
Adverb Phrase
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
Definition: a prepositional phrase used as an adjective.
Examples:
• The boy with red hair is sitting next to me.
• The girl sat next to the wall with windows
ADJECTIVE PHRASES…
1. answer the questions:
“which one?” or “what kind?”
2. always come after the nouns they modify
3. are ALWAYS after a subject
4. never begin a sentence
5. never come right after a verb
Find the
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
in the following sentences:
• The man in the story had no friends.
• Scrooge was the man in the story.
• Scrooge was a friend to Marley.
• Scrooge hated charity of any kind.
• Marley became a ghost with clanking chains.
• Marley frightened Scrooge when he came to visit.
ANSWERS:
• The man in the story had no friends.
• Scrooge was the man in the story.
• Scrooge was a friend to Marley.
• Scrooge hated charity of any kind.
• Marley became a ghost with clanking chains.
• Marley frightened Scrooge when he came to visit.
Find the
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
in the following sentences:
• During the night, a fire truck came down my street.
• A fire truck came down my street during the night.
• Sid dropped his pencil on the sidewalk.
• The cat in the tree suddenly meowed with all its might.
ANSWERS:
• During the night, a fire truck came down my street.
• A fire truck came down my street during the night.
• Sid dropped his pencil on the sidewalk.
• The cat in the tree suddenly meowed with all its might.
Find the
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
in the following sentences:
• Sandy didn’t know about the computer experiment
in the lab.
• In a flash, the twins were transported to another world.
• The short man in the wilderness seemed afraid
of the twins at first.
• The twins sat down and wondered where they were.
ANSWERS:
• Sandy didn’t know about the computer experiment
in the lab.
• In a flash, the twins were transported to another world.
• The small man in the wilderness seemed afraid
of the twins at first.
• The twins sat down and wondered where they were.
ADVERB PHRASES
Definition: a prepositional phrase used as an adverb.
Examples:
• I sat with Sally at the seashore.
• We fished for hours.
• I dropped my coke can into the water.
• In the spring I go to the beach.
The truth about adverb
phrases: They…
1. …can begin a sentence
2. …will not immediately follow the subject
3. …can follow VERBS, ADVERBS and ADJECTIVES
(and modify them)
4. …answer questions like:
“when?” “where?” “why?” “how?”
THINK LOGICALLY…
• There are only two kinds of prepositional phrases:
• ADJECTIVE and ADVERB
• If a phrase is not ADJECTIVE,
then it must be ADVERB!
Find the adverb phrases:
• For many years, Scrooge and Marley were
business partners.
• Scrooge ran his business in a miserly way.
• Bob Cratchit worked for Scrooge.
• Bob had very little heat while he worked.
• Scrooge and Marley had been partners for many
years.
ANSWERS:
• For many years, Scrooge and Marley were
business partners.
• Scrooge ran his business in a miserly way.
• Bob Cratchit worked for Scrooge.
• Bob had very little heat while he worked.
• Scrooge and Marley had been partners for many
years.
More Practice finding
Prepositional Phrases:
• When my dad was young, he had a little
transistor radio that he kept by his bed to listen
to music.
• “When you wish upon a star, your dreams
come true.”
ANSWERS:
• When my dad was young, he had a little
transistor radio that he kept by his bed to listen
to music.
• “When you wish upon a star, your dreams
come true.”
More Practice finding
Prepositional Phrases:
• What’s the matter with my clothes?
• In the middle of the floor was a pile of dirty clothes.
• While you clean up this mess, I will go to the store
and buy some new clothes.
• Since last May, you have worn those same jeans
for days and days.
• With a little bit of luck, you will get to go to the mall.
ANSWERS:
• What’s the matter with my clothes?
• In the middle of the floor was a pile of dirty clothes.
• While you clean up this mess, I will go to the store
and buy some new clothes.
• Since last May, you have worn those same jeans
for days and days.
• With a little bit of luck, you will get to go to the mall.
The Appositive Phrase
First you must know what an appositive is….
DEFINITION: An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed
beside another noun or pronoun to identify or explain it.
It works mostly like this:
Barack Obama, the president, spoke to the graduating class.
Barack Obama = president (appositive)
The Appositive Phrase
A. …is centered around a noun
•
Bob, a boy in my class, sits next to me.
B. …renames another noun in the main
sentence.
• Bob is renamed with boy.
C. …can be removed from the sentence.
•
Bob sat next to me.
The Appositive Phrase
D. ...will be surrounded by commas 99% of the time.
• Bob, my friend, is nice.
• My friend Bob is nice.
E. …will most likely come after the noun it renames.
• Bob, my best friend, is nice.
• A friend at all times, Bob is always there.
[Sometimes, in rare occasions, it comes before the noun.]
The Appositive Phrase
F. …will not begin with a pronoun like “who,” “which,”
“whose,” “that,” etc.
• The boy who sits next to me is Bob.
[No appositive in the above sentence.]
G. …may have a pronoun + verb later in the phrase
• Bob, my friend who lives in LA, is nice.
H. …will not begin with a verb form.
• The boy calling out my name is Bob.
[Not an appositive!]
The Appositive Phrase
F. …will not begin with a pronoun like “who,” “which,”
“whose,” “that,” etc.
• The boy who sits next to me is Bob.
[No appositive in the above sentence.]
G. …may have a pronoun + verb later in the phrase
• Bob, my friend who lives in LA, is nice.
H. …will not begin with a verb form.
• The boy calling out my name is Bob.
[Not an appositive!]
The Appositive Phrase
Find the appositives/ appositive phrases in the following sentences…
• My best friend Mona lives down the street.
• Jeremy, the boy next door, is moving to Hawaii.
• The man who came to dinner is my uncle.
• Mary Jo, the girl who likes sushi, is sitting over there.
• My brother, who eats all day, never gains weight.
The Appositive Phrase
Find the phrases in the following sentences…
• Excellent athletes, the WA 7th grade boys and girls
basketball teams, both had winning seasons.
• Before Monday, please type your English paper again.
• Mrs. Barber, a seventh grade English teacher, is an avid
reader.
• Your next meeting will take place in Mr. Lee’s room.
• We went to Woodstock last Christmas.
The Appositive Phrase
Find the appositive phrases in the following sentences…
• Mack Sennett, the movie producer, gave us the Keystone Kops.
• He also introduced America to an English film comic, Charlie Chaplin.
• One of American’s best female comics, Mae West made movies
with W.C. Fields.
• Buster Keaton, another silent movie comedian, was called the Great
Stoneface.
• Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, a famous pair of fools, made many
movies together.
• Have you ever seen Richard Pryor, the comedian and movie star?