Transcript Phrases - 8T-English-kb

The Phrase
• A phrase is a group of related
words. It does NOT create a
sentence.
Kinds of Phrases
• Verb phrase
• Prepositional phrase
– Adjective phrase
– Adverb phrase
and
• Appositive phrase
• also coming up…
VERBAL phrases…
The Verb Phrase
• A verb phrase consists of at least one main
verb and one or more helping verbs. A
helping verb (also called an auxiliary verb)
helps the main verb express action or a
state of being.
is
leaving
Besides of all forms of the verb be , the
following verbs can be used as helping
verbs:
• can
•had
•must
• could
•has
•shall
• did
•have
•should
• do
•may
•will
• does
•might
•would
Notice how the helping verbs work
together with the main verbs to form
complete verb phrases.
• Would you like some soup?
• You should have offered sooner.
• We shall probably be finished in an hour.
• She was always thinking of her future.
• Has my sister shown you her newest painting?
• She shouldn’t have borrowed that necklace.
The Prepositional Phrase…
…is a group of words beginning with a
preposition and ending with a noun or
pronoun (the OP).
• in my hair
• on the floor
• next to the tree
•beyond the forest
•beneath the bridge
•according to my mother
The anatomy (pattern) of a
Prepositional Phrase:
OP
(with a friend)
or
OP
(with my parents)
other possibilities are…
OP
(to me)
Or
OP
(Because of the very fun lesson)
Identifying kinds of prepositional
phrases:
Prepositional Phrase
Adjective Phrase
Adverb Phrase
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
Definition: a prepositional phrase used as an adjective.
Examples:
• The boy with red hair is sitting next to me.
• The girl sat next to the wall with windows
ADJECTIVE PHRASES…
1. answer the questions:
“which one?” or “what kind?”
2. always come after the nouns they modify
3. are ALWAYS after a subject
4. never begin a sentence
5. never come right after a verb
Find the
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
in the following sentences:
• The man in the story had no friends.
• Scrooge was the man in the story.
• Scrooge was a friend to Marley.
• Scrooge hated charity of any kind.
• Marley became a ghost with clanking chains.
• Marley frightened Scrooge when he came to visit.
ANSWERS:
• The man in the story had no friends.
• Scrooge was the man in the story.
• Scrooge was a friend to Marley.
• Scrooge hated charity of any kind.
• Marley became a ghost with clanking chains.
• Marley frightened Scrooge when he came to visit.
Find the
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
in the following sentences:
• During the night, a fire truck came down my street.
• A fire truck came down my street during the night.
• Sid dropped his pencil on the sidewalk.
• The cat in the tree suddenly meowed with all its might.
ANSWERS:
• During the night, a fire truck came down my street.
• A fire truck came down my street during the night.
• Sid dropped his pencil on the sidewalk.
• The cat in the tree suddenly meowed with all its might.
Find the
ADJECTIVE PHRASES
in the following sentences:
• Sandy didn’t know about the computer experiment
in the lab.
• In a flash, the twins were transported to another world.
• The short man in the wilderness seemed afraid
of the twins at first.
• The twins sat down and wondered where they were.
ANSWERS:
• Sandy didn’t know about the computer experiment
in the lab.
• In a flash, the twins were transported to another world.
• The small man in the wilderness seemed afraid
of the twins at first.
• The twins sat down and wondered where they were.
ADVERB PHRASES
Definition: a prepositional phrase used as an adverb.
Examples:
• I sat with Sally at the seashore.
• We fished for hours.
• I dropped my coke can into the water.
• In the spring I go to the beach.
The truth about adverb
phrases: They…
1. …can begin a sentence
2. …will not immediately follow the subject
3. …can follow VERBS, ADVERBS and ADJECTIVES
(and modify them)
4. …answer questions like:
“when?” “where?” “why?” “how?”
THINK LOGICALLY…
• There are only two kinds of prepositional phrases:
• ADJECTIVE and ADVERB
• If a phrase is not ADJECTIVE,
then it must be ADVERB!
Find the adverb phrases:
• For many years, Scrooge and Marley were
business partners.
• Scrooge ran his business in a miserly way.
• Bob Cratchit worked for Scrooge.
• Bob had very little heat while he worked.
• Scrooge and Marley had been partners for many
years.
ANSWERS:
• For many years, Scrooge and Marley were
business partners.
• Scrooge ran his business in a miserly way.
• Bob Cratchit worked for Scrooge.
• Bob had very little heat while he worked.
• Scrooge and Marley had been partners for many
years.
More Practice finding
Prepositional Phrases:
• When my dad was young, he had a little
transistor radio that he kept by his bed to listen
to music.
• “When you wish upon a star, your dreams
come true.”
ANSWERS:
• When my dad was young, he had a little
transistor radio that he kept by his bed to listen
to music.
• “When you wish upon a star, your dreams
come true.”
More Practice finding
Prepositional Phrases:
• What’s the matter with my clothes?
• In the middle of the floor was a pile of dirty clothes.
• While you clean up this mess, I will go to the store
and buy some new clothes.
• Since last May, you have worn those same jeans
for days and days.
• With a little bit of luck, you will get to go to the mall.
ANSWERS:
• What’s the matter with my clothes?
• In the middle of the floor was a pile of dirty clothes.
• While you clean up this mess, I will go to the store
and buy some new clothes.
• Since last May, you have worn those same jeans
for days and days.
• With a little bit of luck, you will get to go to the mall.
The Appositive Phrase
First you must know what an appositive is….
DEFINITION: An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed
beside another noun or pronoun to identify or explain it.
It works mostly like this:
Barack Obama, the president, spoke to the graduating class.
Barack Obama = president (appositive)
The Appositive Phrase
A. …is centered around a noun
•
Bob, a boy in my class, sits next to me.
B. …renames another noun in the main
sentence.
• Bob is renamed with boy.
C. …can be removed from the sentence.
•
Bob sat next to me.
The Appositive Phrase
D. ...will be surrounded by commas 99% of the time.
• Bob, my friend, is nice.
• My friend Bob is nice.
E. …will most likely come after the noun it renames.
• Bob, my best friend, is nice.
• A friend at all times, Bob is always there.
[Sometimes, in rare occasions, it comes before the noun.]
The Appositive Phrase
F. …will not begin with a pronoun like “who,” “which,”
“whose,” “that,” etc.
• The boy who sits next to me is Bob.
[No appositive in the above sentence.]
G. …may have a pronoun + verb later in the phrase
• Bob, my friend who lives in LA, is nice.
H. …will not begin with a verb form.
• The boy calling out my name is Bob.
[Not an appositive!]
The Appositive Phrase
F. …will not begin with a pronoun like “who,” “which,”
“whose,” “that,” etc.
• The boy who sits next to me is Bob.
[No appositive in the above sentence.]
G. …may have a pronoun + verb later in the phrase
• Bob, my friend who lives in LA, is nice.
H. …will not begin with a verb form.
• The boy calling out my name is Bob.
[Not an appositive!]
The Appositive Phrase
Find the appositives/ appositive phrases in the following sentences…
• My best friend Mona lives down the street.
• Jeremy, the boy next door, is moving to Hawaii.
• The man who came to dinner is my uncle.
• Mary Jo, the girl who likes sushi, is sitting over there.
• My brother, who eats all day, never gains weight.
The Appositive Phrase
Find the phrases in the following sentences…
• Excellent athletes, the WA 7th grade boys and girls
basketball teams, both had winning seasons.
• Before Monday, please type your English paper again.
• Mrs. Barber, a seventh grade English teacher, is an avid
reader.
• Your next meeting will take place in Mr. Lee’s room.
• We went to Woodstock last Christmas.
The Appositive Phrase
Find the appositive phrases in the following sentences…
• Mack Sennett, the movie producer, gave us the Keystone Kops.
• He also introduced America to an English film comic, Charlie Chaplin.
• One of American’s best female comics, Mae West made movies
with W.C. Fields.
• Buster Keaton, another silent movie comedian, was called the Great
Stoneface.
• Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, a famous pair of fools, made many
movies together.
• Have you ever seen Richard Pryor, the comedian and movie star?
Verbal Phrases
These are verb forms that no longer act like verbs.
Find more information on these in the next presentation.
GERUND
PARITCIPLE
INFINITIVE