Transcript Subjuntivo Presente

Subjuntivo
Present Subjunctive, Imperfect Subjunctive, Present
Perfect Subjunctive, and Pluperfect Subjunctive
When to Use the Subjunctive
Subjunctive is used when the situation is
not factual, but rather when the action is
subjective or hypothetical.
 In Spanish, the speaker simply needs to
recognize when the action is real and
objective (He brings me the towel) and
when it is subjective (I hope that he
brings me the towel) to know which
endings to use.

When to Use Subjunctive
If the answer to the following two
questions is yes, the subjunctive mood
should be used:
1. Is there a possibility that this action has
not occurred or is not now occurring?
2. Is the action or event contained in a
dependent clause?

When to Use Subjunctive

In Spanish, just as in English, there are 3
grammatical moods:
1.
The Imperative (Commands)
The Indicative (Describes real or
objective actions or events)
The Subjunctive (Describes subjective
or hypothetical actions or events)
2.
3.
When to Use Subjunctive
In English, very few structural changes are
employed to signify a change in mood.
 In Spanish, mood changes necessitate
different verb endings.
 Correctly using the subjunctive is one of
the most non-intuitive aspects of Spanish
for English-speaking students.

When to Use Subjuctive

WEIRDO
W – wishes, hopes, and desires
 E – emotions
 I – impersonal expressions
 R – requests
 D – doubts
 O – opinions

Wishes, Hopes, and Desires
When the verb in the independent clause
is a verb such as desear (to wish),
querer (to want), esperar (to hope),
or preferir (to prefer), the dependent
clause uses the subjunctive.
 Example: I prefer that you not watch that
show.
 Prefiero que no veas ese programa.
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Emotions
When verbs such as alegrarse (to be
happy), sorprenderse (to surprise),
sentir (to regret), or temer (to fear),
are used in the independent clause, the
subjunctive is used in the dependent
clause.
 Example: I am afraid that he won’t return
on time.
 Temo que no vuelva a tiempo.

Impersonal Expressions

Use subjunctive after the following
conjunctions, if doubt or anticipation is
implied:
A menos que – unless
 A pesar de que – in spite of
 Antes de que – before
 Aunque - although

Impersonal Expressions
Después de que – after
 En caso de que – in case
 En cuanto – as soon as
 Hasta que – until
 Para que – so that
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Requests

When using verbs such as aconsejar (to
advise), pedir (to ask for), or
recomendar (to recommend) in the
independent clause, use the subjunctive in
the dependent clause.
Example: They advised me to leave.
 Me aconsejaron que saliera.

Doubts
When doubt is expressed by verbs in the
independent clause such as dudar (to
doubt), no creer (to disbelieve), or
negar (to deny), then use the
subjunctive in the dependent clause.
 Example: They don’t believe I know.
 No creen que sepa.
 Example: We deny that it is the truth.
 Negamos que sea la verdad.
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Opinion

Use subjunctive in the dependent clause
after the following expressions, provided
that doubt, uncertainty, or emotion is
suggested or implied:
Quizás, acaso, tal vez – perhaps
 Es bueno – It is good
 Es difícil – It is hard
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Opinion
Es dudoso – It is doubtful
 Es importante – It is important
 Es imposible – It is impossible
 Es incierto – It is uncertain
 Es malo – It is bad
 Es mejor – It is better
 Es necesario – It is necessary
 Es posible – It is possible
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Opinion

Es una lástima – It is a pity
Example: Perhaps she is visiting this fall.
 Quizás visite este otoño.
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Example: It is good that she knows.
 Es bueno que ella sepa.
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Present Subjunctive
While the present indicative mood is
used to describe an actual situation, the
present subjunctive mood expresses
uncertainty, feelings, desires, and
hypothetical situations.
 To form the present subjunctive, drop the
–o from the first person singular form of
the present indicative and add the
subjunctive endings.
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Present Subjunctive
In the subjunctive, -ar verbs take –e and –
er/-ir verbs take –a.
 -ar endings: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -en
 -er/-ir endings: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -an

Example: I will go to the movies when I
have money.
 Iré al cine cuando tenga dinero.
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Irregulars
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There are only 6 irregular verbs total in
the subjunctive tense.
Dar – to give
 Dé
Demos
 Des
 Dé
Den
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Irregulars
Estar – to be (temporary)
 Esté
Estemos
 Estés
 Esté
Estén
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Haber – to have (auxiliary)
 Haya
Hayamos
 Hayas
 Haya
Hayan
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Irregulars
Ir – to go
 Vaya
 Vayas
 Vaya

Vayamos
Vayan
Saber – to know (facts/information)
 Sepa
Sepamos
 Sepas
 Sepa
Sepan

Irregulars
Ser – to be (permanent)
 Sea
Seamos
 Seas
 Sea
Sean
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Imperfect Subjunctive
The imperfect or past subjunctive is used
in situations where the verb in the
independent clause is in the past or
conditional tense.
 This tense is used to express something
that might have been or would have been.
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Imperfect Subjunctive
The imperfect subjunctive tense is formed
by:
1. Taking the verb’s third person plural
(ellos) form of the preterite tense (-ar
verb ending is –aron and –er/-ir verb
ending is –ieron),
2. Dropping the –ron from the end, and
3. Adding the endings on the next slide.
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Imperfect Subjunctive
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The following are the endings for all –ar,
-er, and –ir verbs:

-ra, -ras, -ra, -ramos, -ran
Example: I doubted that he killed the cat.
 Dudaba que matara el gato.
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Imperfect Subjunctive
There are no irregularities in the
imperfect subjunctive tense because any
irregularities in conjugation will already be
reflected in the third person plural
preterite form.
 The present subjunctive expresses the
same set of situations as the present
subjunctive (WEIRDO) in the past.
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Present Perfect Subjunctive
The present perfect subjunctive is used to
express the English term “may have”.
 It is formed by having the subjunctive
conjugation of the verb Haber (to have –
auxiliary) together with the past
participle.
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Present Perfect Subjunctive
Haber – to have (auxiliary)
 Haya
Hayamos
 Hayas
 Haya
Hayan
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Present Perfect Subjunctive
Example: We may have thought that we
used to know all the answers.
 Hayamos pensado que sabíamos todas las
contestas.
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Pluperfect Subjunctive
The pluperfect (or past perfect)
subjunctive is used to express the English
“might have”.
 It is formed by having the imperfect
subjunctive conjugation of Haber (to have
– auxiliary) together with the past
participle.
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Pluperfect Subjunctive
Haber – to have (auxiliary)
 Hubiera
Hubiéramos
 Hubieras
 Hubiera
Hubieran

Pluperfect Subjunctive
Example: It might have rained if the wind
changed direction.
 Hubiera llovido si el viento cambiaría
dirección.
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