Transcript Chapter 7: Sentence structure

Chapter 7: Sentence structure
Structure refers to the kinds and number of clauses a
sentence contains.
Four kinds of sentences:
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex
4. Compound-complex
Simple sentences
• Contain only one independent clause (no
subordinate clauses at all)
Ex:
The hairstylist ruined my new look!
I volunteered to run the talent show.
Note: A simple sentence may contain compound
subjects, compound verbs, and unlimited
phrases.
Peyton Manning and the Broncos were sad
about the Super Bowl.
Peterson caught the ball but then dropped it.
The coach and his assistant drew up a play then
sent it in.
Both of the coaches on the sideline stood still,
waiting for the ball to pass through the uprights.
O.P.: p. 140
Rally coach each sentence aloud. Then identify
each subject and each verb. Write answers on
your boards.
Ex: Throughout history, people have invented
and used a variety of weapons.
A: S: people; V: have invented, used
#1: As protection from such weapons, warriors
in battle needed special equipment.
A: S: warriors; V: needed
Compound sentences
• Contain two or more independent clauses and
no subordinate clauses
• The independent clauses are usually joined by
coordinating conjunctions:
•
•
•
•
and
but
for
nor
- or
- so
- yet
Ex: According to legend, Achilles preferred Del
Taco over Taco Bell, but little evidence supports
this claim.
Warning: Don’t confuse compound sentences
with simple sentences with compound
verbs/subjects/both!
Simple: Mark Twain and Samuel Clemens stared
at each other in the mirror and waved.
Compound: Poe wrote “The Raven,” and Shelley
wrote “Ozymandius.”
Other ways to connect independent
clauses in compound sentences
• Semicolons for closely related clauses:
– I thought I was correct; I was sadly mistaken.
• Semicolons with conjunctive adverbs and
commas for closely related clauses:
– She punched my neighbor’s poodle; consequently,
she was arrested for aggravated assault.
Pg. 144: Exercise 2
• Identify subjects and verbs
• Classify sentences as either simple or compound
sentences (SIM/COM)
Ex. African American actors and actresses
performed in many early Hollywood movies.
A: S: actors, actresses; V: performed; SIM
EX 2: Hattie McDaniel, for example, made many
films, and she is best known for her role in Gone
with the Wind.
A: S: Hattie McDaniel; V: made; S: she; V: is known;
COM
Complex sentences
• Contain one independent clause and one
or more subordinate clauses
Ex: When I watch Jeopardy, I feel like a
Neanderthal.
Independent clause: I feel like a
Neanderthal.
Subordinate clause: When I watch
Jeopardy
Ex: In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone,
when Quirrel takes off his turban, he reveals
that he is Voldemort’s servant.
Independent clause: In Harry Potter and the
Sorcerer’s Stone, he reveals
Subordinate clause: when Quirrel takes off his
turban (adverb clause)
Subordinate clause: that he is Voldemort’s
servant. (noun clause)
Subordinate clauses can interrupt independent
clauses:
All of the students that we were told would
perform in the play are part of the Shakespeare
elective.
Independent clause: All of the students are part
of the Shakespeare elective.
Subordinate clause: that we were told would
perform in the play
Exercise 3: p. 146
• B: Remove one piece of paper from your
journal.
• All answers will be written on this paper; write
both names on the paper.
Instructions:
1. Identify each clause
2. Classify each as independent or subordinate
3. Identify each subject and verb pair by
underlining
Instructions:
1. Identify each clause
2. Classify each as independent or subordinate
3. Identify each subject and verb pair by underlining
Example 1:
China, which has a population of more than one billion
people, is a largely agricultural country.
IND: China is a largely agricultural country
SUB: which has a population of more than one billion
people
Instructions:
1. Identify each clause
2. Classify each as independent or subordinate
3. Identify each subject and verb pair by
underlining
Example 2:
Although it was nearly worthless, my brother
bought one of those old coins for his collection.
IND: my brother bought one of those old coins for
his collection
SUB: Although it was nearly worthless
Instructions:
1. Identify each clause
2. Classify each as independent or subordinate
3. Identify each subject and verb pair by underlining
Problem 1:
The detective show appeared on television for several
weeks before it became popular with viewers.
IND: The detective show appeared on television for
several weeks
SUB: before it became popular with viewers
Compound complex sentences
• These sentences contain two or more
independent clauses and at least one
subordinate clause
Ex: Luke began practicing only yesterday, but
already he has been asked to demonstrate his
lightsaber skills in the area of the ship that is set
up for training.
Ex: When Bob left, he locked the door, but he
forgot to turn off the lights.
IND: he locked the door
IND: he forgot to turn off the lights
SUB: When Bob left
Subordinating conjunction
introducing the adverb clause
Ex: I have many hobbies that I enjoy, but the one
on which I spend the most time is restoring
arcade games.
IND: I have many hobbies
IND: the one is restoring
arcade games
SUB: that I enjoy
SUB: on which I spend the
most time
Page 148: Exercise 4
• A: Remove one piece of paper from your
journal.
• All answers will be written on this paper; write
both names on the paper.
1. Identify the clauses
2. Classify them as INDependent or
SUBordinate
1. Identify the clauses
2. Classify them as INDependent or
SUBordinate
EX: When they returned from their vacation,
they collected their mail at the post office, and
they went to the supermarket.
SUB: When they returned from their vacation
IND: they collected their mail at the post office
IND: they went to the supermarket
1. Identify the clauses
2. Classify them as INDependent or
SUBordinate
#1: Before we conducted the experiment, we
asked for permission to use the science lab, but
the principal insisted on teacher supervision of
our work.
SUB: Before we conducted the experiment
IND: we asked for permission to use the science
lab
IND: the principal insisted on teacher
supervision of our work