Transcript Present Perfect Verb Tense

Present Perfect
Present
X
X?
Language Objective:
We will write complete sentences
in the present perfect verb tense
in three forms:
 declarative,
 negative
 interrogative.
Application (Why?)
We use the present perfect to
show actions that:
• have recently ended,
• started in the past but may
continue in the present,
• Happened in the past but the
time is unknown or unimportant
(relate an experience)
Parts of Speech:
Verbs
has/have + past participle
Singular subject- has
Plural subject- have
(I/you)
Formulas & Examples
Declarative +
Present:
Subject + has/have + past participle + finisher.
Example:
The neighboring countries have battled over the
disputed territory for centuries.
Negative Present:
Subject + has/have + not + past participle +
finisher.
Example:
The President has not spoken to the public
since last month.
Interrogative ?
Past:
Has/Have + subject + past participle +
finisher?
Example:
Have rescuers found the missing
divers yet?
What have you done?
Have you traveled to Mexico?
 Unfortunately, I have still not traveled to
Mexico, but I am hoping to go soon.
 Has the teacher ever collected our
assignment from yesterday?
 Yes, the teacher has already collected our
assignment and handed it back.

TOPIC 1 Experience
You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like
saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say
that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is
NOT used to describe a specific event.
 Examples:
 I have been to France.
This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in
France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
 I have been to France three times.
You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
 I have never been to France.
This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to
France.
 I think I have seen that movie before.
 He has never traveled by train.
 Joan has studied two foreign languages.
 A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about
change that has happened over a period of time.
 Examples:
 You have grown since the last time I saw you.
 The government has become more interested
in arts education.
 Japanese has become one of the most popular
courses at the university since the Asian studies
program was established.
 My English has really improved since I moved to
Australia.
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the
accomplishments of individuals and
humanity.You cannot mention a specific
time.
 Examples:
 Man has walked on the Moon.
 Our son has learned how to read.
 Doctors have cured many deadly
diseases.
 Scientists have split the atom.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted
Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that
an action which we expected has not
happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests
that we are still waiting for the action to
happen.
 Examples:
 James has not finished his homework yet.
 Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she
can communicate.
 Bill has still not arrived.
 The rain hasn't stopped.
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at
Different Times
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about
several different actions which have occurred in the
past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the
process is not complete and more actions are
possible.
 Examples:
 The army has attacked that city five times.
 I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this
semester.
 We have had many major problems while
working on this project.
 She has talked to several specialists about her
problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.
'Since' and 'For’ (Prepositions)
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past
(2004, April 23rd, last year, two hours ago). The fixed
time can be another action, indicated with the past
simple (since I was at school, since I arrived):
 I've known Sam since 1992.
 I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
 She's been here since 2pm.
We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours,
three years, six months):
 I've known Julie for ten years.
 I've been hungry for hours.
 She's had a cold for a week.
Certain time adverbs ("time
words") are especially
common with the present perfect
tense. The most
common are probably ever, never,
already, yet, still,
and just.
‘Already' and ‘Yet'
Already is used in affirmative (positive) statements and
questions. It shows an action or situation that happened
earlier than expected:
 They've already left.
Have they already left?
 She's already forgotten what you did.
Has she already forgotten what you did?
Yet is used in the same way as still. In present perfect
tense it frequently occurs in negative statements and
shows an action or situation that has lasted longer than
expected. Yet's position in a sentence is different from
still's, however:
 They haven't yet left. OR
They haven't left yet. OR
 She hasn't yet forgotten what you did. OR
She hasn't forgotten what you did yet.
‘Ever’ & ‘Never’
Ever means "at any time." One of its uses
is in questions:
 Have you ever seen a double rainbow?
 She hasn't ever fought with her
boyfriend.
Never means "not at any time." Its main
use is in negative statements:
 They've never arrived late.
 She's never fought with her boyfriend.
‘Still’ & ‘Just’
Still is generally used in negative statements. It
shows an action or situation that has lasted
longer than expected:
 They still haven't left.
 She still hasn't ever fought with her
boyfriend.
Just is used to show an action or situation that
finished only a short time before now:
 They've just left.
 She's just told me what you did!