Transcript AWIV 3A - Austin Casey

Academic Writing IV
Spring 2013 Meet twice a week M, W (Sec.201)
Monday 2:00-3:50 (3-505) Wednesday 8:00-9:50 (3-516)
E-mail: Austin Casey [email protected]
Phone: 134 3922 0499
Website: http://austincasey.yolasite.com/
Office Hours: (ICB 319) Wednesday 6-8, Thursday 10-12
1
Today:
Personal Statements
Grammar Review Part 1
Grammar Part 2
Task 1: Practice
Homework: Grammar Part 3, Journal 1 , vocabulary/reading
2
Important Announcement
I will be attending an IELTS Teacher Training
Workshop on Mar 12, 13 (Next Week, Tuesday &
Wednesday)
I will miss the class next Wednesday morning.
Please do Journal 1
Announcement
Around March 18th there will be a representative
from Bedfordshire and Plymouth to meet and
speak with students.
If you want to do post-graduate school in U.K.
You will need a professional Personal
Statement (PS) and a reference letter. It must
be current (updated) and accurate.
Grammar Review – N.
6 Types of Nouns:
1. Subjects are what or who a sentence is about
The professor teaches.
Bill plays.
2. Direct objects receive the action of some verbs
The professor teaches biology.
Bill plays basketball.
3. Indirect objects answer the questions “for whom”, “to who”,
what” and “to what?”
The professor teaches the class biology.
Bill gave John tickets.
“for
Grammar Review – N.
4. Subject complements follow linking verbs and describe the subject of
a sentence. Used the verb: “is-are-was-were-am” + be became
Bananas are yellow (X=Y)
The book is thick.
5. Object complements describe a direct object. Can only be used with
certain verbs such as “call, make, name, elect, paint, elect”, etc.
We nominated the professor Teacher of the Year.
We elected Bill class monitor.
His coach called Bill a star.
They made him embarrassed.
They painted the door red
Definition: A noun, adjective, or pronoun serving as a complement to a
verb and qualifying its direct object, as governor in They elected him
governor.
Grammar Review – N.
5. An object complement is an noun, pronoun, (or adjective) which
follows a direct object and renames it or tells what the direct object
has become. It is most often used with verbs of creating or
nominating such as make, name, elect, paint, call, etc.
We know there is a difference between calling Mayor Williams and
calling Williams mayor or painting a red door and painting a door red.
When the word follows the direct object and it tells what the direct
object has become, it is the object complement.
We appointed her treasurer.
The carpenter made the window a door.
The teacher thought Russel an interesting speaker.
Grammar Review – N.
6. Objects of prepositions simply follow prepositions
I gave my assignment to the professor.
Bessie will sing before a large audience.
Fall into darkness.
The weather in May.
Cheese from France with live bacteria.
Bears sleep throughout the winter.
Congratulations, I am so happy for you!
Alpha was sick until recently.
Grammar – Part 2 Answer Key
1. A
9. F
2. B
10. D
3. F
4. C
5. D
6. E
7. B
8. E
Grammar – Part 2 Practice
Take out a piece of paper and make your own
sentences #1-6. Make one sentence for each
noun type. Underline the noun.
Label them A-F
Ex:
A. The bear caught salmon from the river.
A
B
F
Pronouns
Pronouns are simply used to replace nouns.
Therefore they have all the same functions as
nouns.
Part 3 - Verbs
*A verb is a word that shows either action (action verbs)
or state of being (linking verbs)
*It is essential to identify verbs and classify them in order
to determine the function of other elements in the
sentence
Part 3 – Action Verbs
*Action verbs show action or activity, though they often
do not involve physical motion
We slept all morning.
Bill considered the idea carefully.
The children jumped up and down on the trampoline.
*Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive
Kelly kicked the ball. (“Kicked” is a transitive verb; it is followed by the
direct object “ball”.)
Chris laughed. (“Laughed” is an intransitive verb; it is not followed by an
object.)
Part 3 – Linking Verbs
*Linking verbs connect the subject of a sentence with a
subject complement
A subject complement is a noun or adjective that describes the subject
of a sentence
Sam is my friend. (“Friend” is a noun describing Sam.)
Sam seems happy. (“Happy” is an adjective describing Sam.)
With the verb “to be”, the subject complement can also be an adverb of
time or place
Sam is here. (“Here” is an adverb of place.)
The play is tomorrow. (“Tomorrow” is an adverb of time.)
Part 3 – Linking Verbs
“To be” is the most common linking verb, but other verbs
can also function as linking verbs:
Sensory linking verbs
Other common linking verbs
taste
smell
look
sound
feel
appear / seem
become / grow
prove
remain / stay
turn
Linking verbs by themselves cannot complete the thought of
a sentence and must be followed by a subject
complement
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
Transitive v = action v (it needs a direct object)
Intransitive v = can be action but does not have a
direct object.
Direct objects are words that receive the action of
the verb.
Some verbs have direct objects and others do
not.
If the verb has a direct object, it is transitive.
If it does not, it is intransitive.
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
To determine whether a verb has a direct object,
Ask: whom or what after it
Example:
He wrote the manuscript.
The verb is wrote.
Ask yourself: He wrote (what)
Answer: The manuscript is the direct object.
Therefore wrote is a transitive verb.
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
1. The dog shook his tail.
The verb is shook.
Ask yourself: The dog shook (what)
Answer: Tail is the direct object.
Therefore shook is a transitive verb.
2. The judge sentenced the man to 5 years in
prison.
3. The attorney has revealed the bad news.
4. The accused man could not provide evidence.
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
Prosecutors charge people.
The knife’s sharp edge cut the chef.
Law enforcement had previously convicted the
man.
Prosecutors charged him under a special law.
The criminal faced 5 years in a state prison.
The criminal finally escaped....
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
Mrs. Carper applauded.
The verb is applauded.
Ask yourself: Applauded (whom or what?)
Answer: There is no word to receive the action of
the verb applauded and no direct object.
Therefore applauded is an intransitive verb.
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive v = can be action but does not have a
direct object.
The action ends rather than being transferred to
some person or object or is modified by an
adverb or adverb phrase.
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
The dog shook.
The verb is shook.
Ask yourself: Shook (whom or what?)
Answer: There is no word to receive the action of
the verb shook and no direct object.
Therefore shook is an intransitive verb.
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive can be followed by adv or
prepositions
The man decided against a plea bargain. (The
man is the subject) What did he do? (decided)
in what particular way? (against) Notice that
(against a plea bargain) is a prepositional
phrase.
He refused because of his immaturity, not his
lack of morals.
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
Alice complained bitterly. (Notice that this
sentence ends with an adverb.)
At the end of the Roaring ’20s, the incarceration
index rose slightly. (identify the intransitive verb
and its modifier)
When faced with the problem, the scholar
paused.
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
To find the intransitive:
Ask whether or not the action is done is some
way, in some direction, or to some degree.
(Notice, this sounds like the function of an
adverb!)
Prepositions & Adverbs
The adverb or prepositional phrase answers a
question about the verb:
The subject did something WHERE?
If Charlie had run into the street, he would have
been injured.
In 1973, the incarceration number inched
upward.
Prepositions & Adverbs
The subject did something WHEN?
Thousands of cranes will return in the spring.
The number climbed in 1974 and in 1975.
Try this one:
Walter Payton died near the end of the century.
The company’s leader collapsed during the
meeting.
Prepositions & Adverbs
The subject did something HOW or TO WHAT
DEGREE?
The statistics come in any form you like.
Politicians and the public are complaining
loudly.
Try these:
His blood pressure kept climbing steadily.
She worked with care and precision.
Prepositions & Adverbs
The subject did something WHY?
Our elected officials listen because we vote.
Dana’s grades improved with the help of a tutor.
Try these:
Germany’s expedition leader collapsed from the
effort.
Elise competed for her family.
Linking Verbs
A linking verb implies a state of being or condition
for the subject, not action. It links the subject to
a noun, pronoun, or adjective in a sentence.
Linking verbs restate the subject or they may be
equivalent to the subject.
Linking Verbs
The test indicates that Sara is a genius.
is = linking verb
Toni Morrison was able to win the Nobel Peace
Prize.
1.Roads were a slushy mess on Sunday along
parts of the East Coast.
2. It was an ominous evening.
3. The victim pointed and told police, “That is the
robber who stole my computer.”
4. Before the English speech competition, Bill
seemed nervous.
Common Linking Verbs:
Appear, prove, become, remain, feel, seem, get,
smell, grow, sound, sit, taste, look, turn, feel,
look, prove, remain
Linking verbs are always intransitive. They do not
express action.
The Monarchs are the winners.
They seem happy about their victory.
The team is in first place now.
Many verbs can be linking, transitive, or intransitive
depending on their function.
Examples:
Linking: The nation’s mood turned sour.
(The subject is not engaged in an action. Turned links mood
with a state of being– sour.
Transitive: The judge turned the pages quickly.
(The
subject was engaged in the action (turned) and that action
was transferred to an object (pages)
Intransitive
The lawyer turned suddenly toward the back of the
courtroom.
The subject was engaged in an action (turned) and that
action was done in a particular way (suddenly) but not to
someone or something.
More examples
Many verbs can be either transitive or intransitive
Transitive: The crowd cheered the batter.
Intransitive: People cheered wildly.
Ask your self whom or what after the verb. If
there is no answer than the verb is intransitive.
Extra
Sometimes the modifiers following a linking verb may
answer the question “what” as a direct object does for
a transitive verb, they do not receive any action.
In federal courts nowadays, every sentence is the same. (We can
ask: Every sentence is what? and the answer is THE SAME.
But “the same” is not receiving the action of the verb as with a
transitive verb. Same is restating or indicating the state of being
of SENTENCE.
Extra
Female inmates are the fastest-growing
subpopulation in prison.
(Inmates are what? Answer: subpopulation. But
the “subpopulation” is not being acted upon, it
is reinstating or indicating the state of being of
the WOMEN.)
Grammar Part 3 - Task
Work on Part 3 of the Grammar Handout
#1-10
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below shows the number of medals won by the top ten countries in the London 2012
Olympic Games.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Citing Sources: Guide to
MLA Style
MLA is a style of citing sources (another is APA).
MLA =Modern Language Association
MLA is a popular and simple way to cite sources.
In the back of your book (AW Appendix E p.303)
p.310 Works Cited
39
MLA p.310-311
This is how to make your Works Cited page
(some books call it a reference page).
It is an extra page, that is separate from your
essay
It tells us where you got your information
40
Book by One Author
Last Name, First Name. Title. Place: Publisher,
Date.
Philbrick, Nathaniel. In the Heart of the Sea:
The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex. New
York: Viking Press, 2000.
41
Book by Two or More Authors
Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last
Name. Title. Place: Publisher, Date.
Stephenson, Neal, and Edward Burns. The
Diamond Age. New York: Bantam Spectra,
1995.
42
Magazine Article
Last Name, First Name. “Title” Magazine Name
Day Month. Year: Pages.
Kalb, Claudia. “California Redwoods.” National
Geographic 26 Sept. 2012: 45-52
43
Film
Title. Director, Producer, or Writer Name
(normal English order). Company, Year.
Roman Holiday. Dir. William Wyler. Paramount
Pictures, 1953.
44
Article from Website
Author (last name, first name) “Article.” Title.
Year (last update). Day Month Year (when you
went there) <link>
Spiner, Brent “As a Droid.” Starfleet Dreams.
Internet Resources. 2011. 19 February. 2013
<http://brent.spiner.com/chasingmydreams.html
>.
45
Paraphrasing
Mention the authors full name:
Scott Smith identified…
Several researchers such as Anthony Li, Greg Jacobs, and James
Duck reported…
At the end of the paragraph put the
Author’s last name and page number:
(West 47).
46
Make it simple: I want it to look like
this:
In his book Physics for Future Presidents,
Richard Muller writes that we must overcome
political differences and understand the science
to make a better future. “I think the president
has to understand the physics to make correct
decisions”. (Muller p.76)
Works Cited / Reference Page:
Muller, Richard. Physics for Future Presidents.
Berkeley, California: Berkeley Books, 2010.
47
Vocabulary
Chapter 6 p.51
Narrative Essay: Outline
Plot Diagram:
Diagram of a plot
Climax
Basic situation
It’s time to get
started……..
• Remember that your plot needs to have a:
• beginning (characters)
• conflict
• rising action
• a climax
• conclusion
(n.) data, facts, figures, information, statistics
(n.) factor, aspect, detail, variable
(n.) figure, [bar/line/pie/organizational] chart, [flow]
diagram, drawing, flow-chart, [bar/line] graph,
histogram, illustration, picture, table
(n.) frequency, prevalence
(adj.) frequent, common, prevalent, regular, ant:
infrequent, uncommon, rare
(adv.) frequently, commonly, often, regularly, ant:
infrequently, rarely
(n.) majority, the bulk, ant: minority
(adj.) obvious, clear, apparent, evident
(adv.) obviously, clearly, apparently, evidently
(n.) occurrence, incidence, rate
(n.) odds, chance, likelihood, probability
(n.) percentage, portion, proportion, ratio, segment
(prep.) regarding, about, concerning, relating to
(v.) show, demonstrate, illustrate, reveal
(adj.) significant, considerable, notable, remarkable,
ant: insignificant, unremarkable
(adv.) significantly, considerably, notably, remarkably,
ant: insignificantly, unremarkably
Review: Task 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Machine translation (MT) is slower and less accurate than
human translation and there is no immediate or
predictable likelihood of machines taking over this role
from humans.
Do you agree or disagree?
Write at least 250 words.
Useful phrases
1. It is crucial that we analyze the causes of this
disturbing issue and explore effective solutions.
From my own perspective, the causes are multiple.
2. One of the most evident reasons is that...
3. Another factor that should be taken into
considerations is that...
4. On the other hand, there are many opponents who
strongly argue that _____. However, further
analysis make it clear that _____.
5. Taking into account of all these factors, we may
reach the conclusion that _____.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Many magazines and websites feature stories about the private lives of
famous people. We know their personal lives and we also can see
photos of them in private or embarrassing situations. They are not
paid for their image being used.
Is it appropriate for a magazine or website to give this kind of private
information about celebrities?
Give reasons for your answer.
Write at least 250 words.
Many magazines and websites feature stories about the private
lives of famous people. We know their personal lives and we also
can see photos of them in private or embarrassing situations.
They are not paid for their image being used.
Is it appropriate for a magazine or website to give this kind of
private information about celebrities?
1. It is crucial that we analyze the causes of this disturbing issue and explore
effective solutions. From my own perspective, the causes are multiple......
2. One of the most evident reasons is that...
3. Another factor that should be taken into considerations is that...
4. On the other hand, there are many opponents who strongly argue that
_____. However, further analysis make it clear that _____.
5. Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that
_____.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
A company has announced that it wishes to build a large
factory near your community.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new
influence on your community.
Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your
position.
You should write at least 250 words.
model answer:
I am from Saint-Petersburg, Russia. I believe that building a large factory near my community
has advantages as well as disadvantages. In the following paragraphs I will list basic benefits
and losses that will be brought by a new factory.
For several reasons, I think that a new factory will not be a good addition to my
neighborhood. First of all, factories often bring pollution. They are prone to contaminating the
local air and water. Second of all, factories make noise. Another important aspect of building
a new factory near by is that it will make the local traffic heavy. As a result of this, the amount
of traffic congestions will increase, as well as contamination of the air. So, all these obviously
will not make one's life happier and healthier in my community.
From the other side, I believe that a new factory will bring some advantages to my
community. First of all, it will bring new job opportunities. Many specialists will be required to
work there. Second of all, I think many local community facilities will have to be renovated to
obtain reliable supply of water and electricity. So, some old pipes may be changed. Another
important benefit of this is that the local roads in order to manage the increasing traffic will be
rebuilt and widened.
However, I do not think that listed above benefits are worth all these troubles including water
contamination and the constant pollution of air. From my point of view all factories must be
built far from the people communities because they can be really harmful for people's health.
(266 words)
model answer:
I am from Saint-Petersburg, Russia. I believe that building a large factory near my community
has advantages as well as disadvantages. In the following paragraphs I will list basic benefits
and losses that will be brought by a new factory.
For several reasons, I think that a new factory will not be a good addition to my
neighborhood. First of all, factories often bring pollution. They are prone to contaminating the
local air and water. Second of all, factories make noise. Another important aspect of building
a new factory near by is that it will make the local traffic heavy. As a result of this, the amount
of traffic congestions will increase, as well as contamination of the air. So, all these obviously
will not make one's life happier and healthier in my community.
From the other side, I believe that a new factory will bring some advantages to my
community. First of all, it will bring new job opportunities. Many specialists will be required to
work there. Second of all, I think many local community facilities will have to be renovated to
obtain reliable supply of water and electricity. So, some old pipes may be changed. Another
important benefit of this is that the local roads in order to manage the increasing traffic will be
rebuilt and widened.
However, I do not think that listed above benefits are worth all these troubles including water
contamination and the constant pollution of air. From my point of view all factories must be
built far from the people communities because they can be really harmful for people's health.
(266 words)
Essay Types:
You will write 2 essays and weekly journals
1. Remembering an Event (550-650 words)
Something that happened to you. An interesting event that you remember clearly.
2. Writing a Profile (550-650 words)
You will describe something or someone.
3. Proposing a Solution (550-650 words)
You will discuss a problem and explain how to fix it
6. Journal Entries
These will be given by the instructor. They will cover various topics.
Very similar to IELTS Task 2 questions
7. Vocabulary Quiz
A weekly quiz on the target words
Course Schedule:
Lesson A
Lesson B
Week 2
Essay 1: Profile /Narrative
Week 3
Grammar
Grammar
MLA Referencing
Week 4
Essay 1: Choose your topic
Journal 1 Due
Week 5
Due
Essay 1 Rough Draft Due (550+ words) Journal 2
62
Journal 1
Different Shops
Write an essay comparing and contrasting the
experience of shopping at two different kinds of
stores. Use specific reasons and examples to
illustrate the stores' similarities and differences.
Use 4 vocabulary words from Chapter 6
Journal 2
I want you to write your own IELTS Task 2 type
question and answer it. Remember choose a
trend or a problem. Then use the format “what
are your opinions on this”
Use 4 vocabulary words from Chapter 6
Homework
Finish Grammar Handout Part 3 verbs
Journal 1: Shops (due next week)
Vocabulary: Read p.51-53 (Chapter 6)