Transcript there was

El Imperfecto
• The imperfect form of hay is había (there
was;
there were; there used to be).
• ¡Atención! Ir, ser, and ver are the only verbs
that are irregular in the imperfect.
Uses of the imperfect
• As a general rule, the imperfect is used to
describe actions which are seen by the
speaker as incomplete or “continuing,” while
the preterite is used to describe actions which
have been completed. The imperfect
expresses what was happening at a certain
time or how things used to be. The preterite,
in contrast, expresses a completed action.
• These expressions are often used with the
imperfect because they express habitual or
repeated actions: de niño/a
(as a child), todos los días (every day), mientras
(while).
Pretérito vs. Imperfecto
Pretérito vs. Imperfecto
Pretérito vs.Imperfecto
• You will also see the preterite and the imperfect
together in narratives such as fiction, news, and
retelling of events. The imperfect provides
background information, such as time, weather,
and location, while the preterite indicates the
specific events that occurred.
SE
Previously, you learned how to
use se as the third person reflexive
pronoun (El se despierta. Ellos se
visten. Ella se baña.).
Se can also be used to form constructions
in which the person performing the action
is not expressed or is de-emphasized.
SE
• You often see the impersonal se in
signs, advertisements, and directions.
•
SE
Se for unplanned events
• Se also describes accidental or unplanned events. In this
construction, the person who performs the action is deemphasized, implying that the accident or unplanned event is
not his or her direct responsibility. Note this construction.
•
In Spanish, the command forms are
used
to give orders or advice. You use tú commands
(mandatos familiares) when you want to give
an order or advice to someone you normally
address with the familiar tú.
Verbos irregulares
There are 8 irregular affirmative tú commands
Negative tú commands
• The negative tú commands are formed by
dropping the final -o of the yo form of the
present tense.
For -ar verbs, add -es. For -er and -ir verbs,
add -as.
• Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar
have
a spelling change in the negative
tú commands.
Irregular negative tú
• ¡Atención! In affirmative commands,
reflexive, indirect, and direct object
pronouns are always attached to the
end of the verb. In negative commands,
these pronouns always precede the
verb.
Bórralos. / No los borres.
Escríbeles un correo electrónico. / No
les escribas un correo electrónico.
POR Y PARA
POR Y PARA
POR
¡Atención! Por is also used in several
idiomatic expressions, including:
por aquí
around here
por ejemplo
for example
por eso
that’s why; therefore
por fin
finally
POR Y PARA
•
Spanish has two types of possessive
adjectives: the unstressed (or short) forms you learned
previously and the stressed (or long) forms. The
stressed forms are used for emphasis or to express of
mine, of yours, and so on.
Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns are used to replace
a noun + [possessive adjective]. In
Spanish, the possessive pronouns have
the same forms as the stressed
possessive adjectives, and they are
preceded by a definite article.
• A possessive pronoun agrees in number and
gender with the noun it replaces.
•
As you learned in Lección 2, the command
forms are used to give orders or advice. Formal
commands are used with people you address as usted
or ustedes. Observe these examples, then study the
chart.
CAR GAR ZAR
• Note also that verbs maintain their stem
changes in usted and ustedes
commands.
Irregulares
¡Atención! When a pronoun is
attached to an affirmative command
that has two or more syllables, an
accent mark is added to maintain the
original stress.
• In affirmative commands, reflexive,
indirect and direct object pronouns are
always attached to the end of the verb.
• In negative commands, these pronouns
always precede the verb.
You will now learn how to use the
subjunctive with verbs and expressions of
will
and influence.
• Verbs of will and influence are often used
when someone wants to affect the actions or
behavior of other people.
• ¡Atención! In English, constructions using the
infinitive, such as I want you to go, are often used
with verbs or expressions of will or influence. This is
not the case in Spanish, where the subjunctive would
be used in a subordinate clause.
Common verbs of w/i
• Some impersonal expressions, such as
es necesario que, es importante que,
es mejor que, and es urgente que, are
considered expressions of will or
influence.
• When the main clause contains an
expression of will or influence, the
subjunctive is required in the
subordinate clause, provided that the
two clauses have different subjects.
•