Transcript Hollow Verbs

Hollow Verbs
Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
Hollow Verbs: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
Hollow verbs contain a yod or vav in the second root. Unlike the perfect verb form, the imperfect
form distinguishes between II-yod and II-vav hollow verbs. Study the following paradigm and
compare the II-yod and both II-vav forms.
The vav and yod are not
II-yod
II-vav
II-vav
Strong
‫שֹים‬
‫ כתב‬consonants. Each is the stem
‫בוא‬
‫קום‬
vowel for their particular type
(to
(to write)
(to come)
(to arise)
of hollow verb.
put/place)
3ms
3fs
2ms
2fs
1cs
3mp
3fp
2mp
‫י ִָׂשים‬
‫ָּת ִׂשים‬
‫ָּת ִׂשים‬
‫ימי‬
ִׂ ‫ָּת ִׂש‬
‫אָ ִׂשים‬
‫י ִָׂשימּו‬
‫ימינָה‬
ֶ ‫ְּת ִׂש‬
‫ָּת ִׂשימּו‬
2fp
‫ימינָה‬
ֶ ‫ְּת ִׂש‬
1cp
‫נ ִָׂשים‬
‫יָבֹוא‬
‫ָּתבֹוא‬
‫ָּתבֹוא‬
‫בֹואי‬
ִׂ ‫ָּת‬
‫אָ בֹוא‬
‫יָבֹואּו‬
‫יָקּום‬
‫ָּתקּום‬
‫ָּתקּום‬
‫קּומי‬
ִׂ ‫ָּת‬
‫אָ קּום‬
‫יָקּומּו‬
‫קּומינָה ָּתבֹואנָה‬
ֶ ‫ְּת‬
‫ָּתבֹואּו‬
‫ָּתקּומּו‬
‫קּומינָה ָּתבֹואנָה‬
ֶ ‫ְּת‬
‫נָבֹוא‬
‫נָקּום‬
‫יִׂכְ ּתׁב‬
‫ִּׂתכְ ּתׁב‬
‫ִּׂתכְ ּתׁב‬
‫ִּׂתכְ ְּת ִׂבי‬
‫אֶ כְ ּתׁב‬
‫יִׂכְ ְּתבּו‬
‫ִּׂתכְ ּתׁ ְב ָָנ‬
‫ה‬
‫ִּׂתכְ ְּתבּו‬
‫ִּׂתכְ ּתׁ ְב ָָנ‬
‫ה‬
‫נִׂ כְ ּתׁב‬
The prefix vowel in most
hollow imperfect verb types is
a qametz. 3fp and 2fp are the
only exceptions, having a
shewa due to vowel reduction.
Some occurrences of hollow
verbs in the Hebrew Bible may
depart from the expected. A IIyod may be rendered as a II-vav
or a hollow verb may be
rendered without a middle
vowel, but the meaning of the
verb remains the same despite
these minor variations.
Hollow Verbs: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
Imperfect
2ms
2fs
2mp
2fp
2ms
2fs
2mp
2fp
2ms
2fs
2mp
2fp
Imperative
‫קּום‬
‫קּומי‬
ִ
‫קּומּו‬
‫קֹ ְּמנָּה‬
(you) arise!
you will put/place
‫ִשים‬
‫ִשימִִי‬
‫ִשימּו‬
---
(you) put/place!
you will come
‫ּבוֹא‬
‫ּבוֹאִ י‬
‫ּבוֹאּו‬
---
(you) come!
‫תָּ קּום‬
‫קּומי‬
ִ ָּ‫ת‬
‫תָּ קּומּו‬
‫תְּ קּומֶ ינָּה‬
you will arise
‫תָּ ִשים‬
‫תָּ ִשימִִי‬
‫תָּ ִשימּו‬
‫תְּ ִשימִֶינָּה‬
‫תָּ בוֹא‬
‫תָּ בוֹאִ י‬
‫תָּ בוֹאּו‬
‫תָּ בוֹאנָּה‬
The 2fp for ‫ שָּ ם‬and ‫ ּבָּ א‬are
unattested in the Hebrew
Bible.
Other than the removal of the
imperfect prefix, the imperative
forms are identical to the
imperfect forms, except in the
2fp.
Hollow Verbs: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
Imperfect
3ms
3fs
3ms
3fs
3ms
3fs
‫יָּקּום‬
‫תָּ קּום‬
‫י ִָּשים‬
‫תָּ ִשים‬
‫יָּבוֹא‬
‫תָּ בוֹא‬
Jussive
he will arise
she will arise
he will put/place
she will put/place
he will come
she will come
‫יָּקֹ ם‬
‫תָּ קֹ ם‬
‫יָּשֵׂ ם‬
‫תָּ שֵׂ ם‬
‫ָּיבֹא‬
‫תָּ בֹא‬
let him arise!
let her arise!
let him put/place!
let her put/place!
let him come!
let her come!
The jussive forms of most verbs are identical to their imperfect counterparts; however, the
jussive singular form of hollow verbs displays a slight variation.
The jussive form loses the middle vav or yod.
For ‫קָּ ם‬, note the holem instead of a shureq.
For ‫שָּ ם‬, note the tsere instead of a hireq-yod.
For ‫ּבָּ א‬, note the holem instead of a full holem.
Hollow Verbs: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct
Hollow Verb
Infinitive Construct
‫קָּ ם‬
‫שָּ ם‬
‫ּבָּ א‬
‫קּום‬
‫ִשים‬
‫ּבוֹא‬
arising
putting/placing
coming
The infinitive construct form is identical to the 2ms imperative form. Rely on context
to determine the proper translation.
Generally, the 3ms perfect form is also the lexical form of a verb, but for hollow verbs, the
lexical form is the same as the infinitive construct form.