Transcript Sentence Structure

Understanding Sentences
First, know your clauses:
• A clause contains a subject and a predicate.
– Subject – what the sentence is about.
– Predicate – action of the sentence; verb and any
helping verbs.
• Independent Clause – has a subject and a
predicate; can stand alone as a complete
thought.
• Dependent Clause – cannot stand alone as a
complete thought.
Identify each of the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Companies increase research. ____
The dog barked. ____
Although Paul enjoyed the movie ____
Even when his mother yelled at him ____
Shelly ate. ____
If salamanders are green ____
John and Beth bought a house. ____
Second, be able to identify the four
types of sentences.
• Simple = Independent clause followed by a
period.
• Compound = Two independent clauses joined by
a coordinating conjunction.
• Complex = One independent clause combined
with one or more dependent clauses. Look for
subordinating conjunctions to identify dependent
clauses.
• Compound Complex = A compound sentence
combined with a complex sentence.
Simple Sentence = IC
•
•
•
•
•
•
Companies invest money.
Companies increase research.
Do not risk a zero on your assignment.
Cite your sources.
Mary went for a walk.
John ate dessert.
Compound Sentences =
IC+,+fanboys*+IC
• Companies invest money, and companies
increase research.
• John ate dessert, but Mary went for a walk.
• Cite your sources, so you do not risk a zero on
your assignment.
* FANBOYS = coordinating conjunctions: for,
and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Complex Sentences = IC+DC*
• When companies invest money, companies
increase research.
• John ate dessert if Mary went for a walk.
• Cite your sources to avoid risking a zero on
your assignment.
*Look for subordinating conjunctions.
Compound Complex Sentences =
IC+IC+DC
• When companies increase research, they
invest money, and this investment often leads
to new products and greater choice for
consumers.
»
»
»
»
Purple = dependent clause
Red = independent clause
Underlined = compound sentence
Italics = compound sentence
Third, be able to identify conjunctions.
1. Coordinating Conjunctions
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
3. Correlative Conjunctions
4. Conjunctive Adverbs
Coordinating Conjunctions
**fanboys**
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Correlative Conjunctions
•
•
•
•
•
•
both…and
either…or
neither…nor
not…but
not only…but also
whether…or
Conjunctive Adverbs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
accordingly
furthermore
moreover
similarly
also
hence
namely
still
anyway
however
nevertheless
•then
•besides
•incidentally
•next
•thereafter
•certainly
•indeed
•nonetheless
•therefore
•consequently
•instead
Conjunction Junction
•now
•thus
•finally
•likewise
•otherwise
•undoubtedly
•further
•meanwhile.
So, give it a try.
1. Write down four simple sentences that
address a common theme.
2. Combine sentences using various
conjunctions and qualifiers.
3. Label the new sentences in your finished
work.
Bringing it Together
Essential Punctuation for Sentences
Clause
Independent
John ate dessert
Combined With
.
Clause
Independent
Mary went for a walk.
;
, coordinating conjunction
; conjunctive adverb,
Independent
John ate dessert
No punctuation is used
Dependent
before or after the
after Mary went for a walk.
subordinating conjunction
that follows an independent
clause.
Dependent
After Mary went for a walk
, (comma follows a clause
introduced with a
subordinating conjunction)
Independent
John ate dessert.