Transcript Unit IV Review

Unit IV Review
Chapters XVII - XXI
Vocabulary
 Be sure you know the vocabulary words from
this unit well! There will be a vocabulary quiz
in the next couple of weeks!
 Pay attention to the declension and
conjugation of each word. As you learn new
words, be careful to learn the parts which are
given in the vocabulary section. These parts
help you understand which conjugation or
declension a word belongs to!
 What are the 2 parts of nouns given?
 What are the 4 parts of verbs given?
Finding the stems of ‘Sum’
 How do we find stems of verbs?
 present stem –
 perfect stem –
 Sum is an irregular verb in the present
tense. What does that mean?
 Sum also has irregular principal parts
 sum, esse, fui, futurus
Stems of the ‘to be’ word
 The present stem is es- or s Conjugate the present tense of sum
 The future stem is er Conjugate the future tense of sum
 The perfect stem is fu Conjugate the perfect tense of sum
The Infinitive Form
 Being a ‘verbal noun’, the infinitive form
of the verb can be used as a noun. It is
always neuter and singular!
 The infinitive form of the verb (the 2nd
principal part) can be used as the subject
of a sentence.
 The infinitive form can be used as the
object of a sentence.
rd
3
Conjugation
 The infinitive ends in –ere
 Defined by the short e stem vowel
 This short e is seen only in the infinitive and
the singular imperative – everywhere else it is
weakened or absorbed by the endings and
becomes an i (exceptions – 1st person singular
omits ‘i’ and 3rd person plural has a ‘u’).
 duco
 ducis
 ducit
ducimus
ducitis
ducunt
rd
3
Conjugation –io verbs
 3rd conjugation verbs that end in –io in
the 1st person singular, retain the short -iin all places in the conjugation, as well as
in the plural imperative (accipite)
 Both types of 3rd conjugation verbs form
the perfect tense regularly (remove the –i
ending from the 3rd principal part and add
the perfect personal endings
Conjugating a 3rd –io verb
 capio
 capis
 capit
capimus
capitis
capiunt
 Notice – there is an ‘i’ before EVERY
ending in the conjugation (regular 3rd
conjugation verbs do not have the –i- in
1st person singular and have a –u- in 3rd
person plural.
4th Conjugation Verbs
 4th conjugation verbs have a stem vowel
of ‘i’.
 They are conjugated EXACTLY like 3rd
‘io’ verbs! They have an ‘i’ in every form
 venio
 venis
 venit
venimus
venitis
veniunt
Compare – 3rd, 3rd –io, & 4th
 duco
 ducis
 ducit
ducimus
ducitis
ducunt
3rd
 capio
 capis
 capit
capimus
capitis
capiunt
3rd -io
 venio
 venis
 venit
venimus
venitis
veniunt
4th
Stem Vowels of Each
Conjugation
 1st – ā
 2nd – ē
 3rd – e
 4th – ī
 Write on white board or piece of
paper where you ‘find’ the stem
vowel.
Apposition
 Opposition means ‘standing against’
 Apposition means ‘standing beside’
 Words in APPOSITION ‘stand beside’
each other to add more information:




Mrs. Capps, my 7th grade teacher…..
I had a true friend, Marcus
We gave money to the sailors, our friends
Pippa, my puppy, is lots of fun!
Asking Questions
 To ask a question that requires a yes or no
answer, add – ne to the end of the first word
(don’t use a word with 2 short syllables at the
end, substitute another word!).
 If you expect a yes for the answer, begin the
sentence with the word nonne.
 Or, begin the sentence with an interrogative
adverb or pronoun, such as quis or quid.
Typical Word Order
 Subject begins sentence (unless there is not a
written subject – be sure to verify that the noun
you think might be the subject IS the subject
(check verb ending and noun case ending!)
 The Predicate follows the subject. Generally,
the verb is last.
 Very typical, but NOT strict!!!
 Subject, adjective, (genitive, appositive), then
predicate - ablative, dative, accusative, adverb,
verb