Transcript DESCRIBING TRENDS

DESCRIBING TRENDS OR
MOVEMENTS IN
GRAPHS/CHARTS
How to describe graphs and charts:
Such language is widely used in
business …
 THERE WAS A dramatic rise IN retail sales
in May 1999.
 Britain’s economy grew AT its slowest
annual rate for 12 years in the second
quarter.
 A recent survey has reported the fastestever year-on-year sales decline.
 Germany’s August sales fell for the third
month in a row. (for the third consecutive
month)
Such language is widely used in
business …
 A plunge IN sales was recorded in
America.
 Consumer confidence is declining
sharply.
 Wal-Mart’s sales increased BY 0.2% TO
$76.8 bn in the second quarter.
 Tesco’s sales were up 14% TO
₤18.8bn. (sales are up ≠ sales are
down)
 rising fuel costs / increasing debt
(falling...)
(decreasing...)
TRENDS AND MOVEMENTS
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upward trend
stability (no change)
change of directions
downward trend
(e.g. increase)
(e.g. be stable)
(e.g. recover)
(e.g. fall)
Language:
nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions,
time adverbials, sentence structure
NOUN
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increase
rise
growth
decrease
fall
decline
drop
fluctuation
recovery
VERB

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increase
rise, rose, risen
grow, grew, grown
decrease
fall, fell, fallen
decline
drop, dropped, dropped
fluctuate
recover
PREPOSITIONS
 to rise from $1m to $2m
 to increase (by) 100%
 an increase of 100%
 to fall from $2m to $1m
 to decrease (by) 50%
 a decrease of 50%
A rise in sales, a fall in profits, ...
Sales are at last year’s level.The price is at €2.5
per litre.
Translate (Reader):
 povećanje cijene
od 15%
 An increase in the
price of 15%
(A 15% increase
in the price)
 povećati cijenu za
15%
 povisiti cijenu na
23,000
 povisiti cijenu za
23,000
 Cijena je na $2.3.
 To increase the
price by 15%
 To increase the
price to 23,000
 To increase the
price by 23,000
 The price is at
$2.3.
PODRAVKA MAKES HRK21m PROFIT
Podravka, the Koprivnica-based food
producer, made a net profit 1........
HRK21m. The company’s total income
increased 2......... 7.1 per cent reaching
HRK2.4bn in 1997. This year, its first
quarter income went up 3......... HRK631m,
a rise 4......... 11 per cent. Last year,
Podravka’s sales grew 5......... 7.56 per
cent 6......... HRK2.3bn. They were 7.........
HRK 596.5m in the first quarter of this
year, an increase 8......... 12 per cent.
(HINA)
PODRAVKA MAKES HRK21m
PROFIT
Podravka, the Koprivnica-based food producer,
made a net profit (1)of HRK21m last year. The
company’s total income increased (2)by7.1 per
cent reaching HRK2.4bn in 1997. This year, its
first quarter income went up (3)to HRK631m, a
rise (4) of 11 per cent. Last year, Podravka’s
sales grew (5) by 7.56 per cent (6) to
HRK2.3bn. They were (7) at HRK 596.5m in
the first quarter of this year, an increase 8of
12 per cent.
(HINA, 1998)
Use rise/grow/fall/decline and
the necesary prepositions:
 We have just heard that our sales
1…… dramatically.
 Have they ever 2… so much? Yes,
they 3…. to 2.5 m in 2007, due to a
drop 4…. 25% in our December retail
services, but already in January they
5…. 6…. 30% so we did not have any
problems. They 7… 8… as much as
5m.
Translation:
U ožujku …
 …prodaja je porasla za 12% i dosegla
$2m.
 ….prodaja je pala na $1.5m.
 Za koliko je pala prodaja?
 Porast prodaje je značajno utjecao na
dobit.
Verbs describing trends
(Study next slide and fill in the chart)
RISE
FALL
NO CHANGE
↗
↘
→
CHANGE OF
DIRECTION
∩U
OTHER
Verbs to use:
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Level off
Rise
Remain constant
Hold steady
Drop
Reach a high
Climb back
Plunge
Decline
Fluctuate
Reach a low
Recover
Reach a peak/Peak
Go up
Increase
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Slump
Boom
Flatten out
Escalate
Stabilize
Collapse
Slip back
Soar
Rocket
Crash
Grow
Fall
Bottom out
Pick up
Go down
Decrease
Decline
Attention! Rise vs. Raise vs. Arise
Rise, rose, risen – irreg.v. (intr.: rise + Ø)
The price has already risen. Prices rose
yesterday.Prices are rising.
Raise, raised, raised - reg.v.(trans.:raise+object)
They raised the prices. He has raised his
voice. Raise your hand!
Arise, arose, arisen
Many problems have arisen. A crisis is arising.
Intensity and speed
(ADJ vs. ADV.)
Sales rose suddenly in 2003. VERB + ADVERB
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to rise suddenly / a sudden rise in
?
/ a sharp drop in
?
/ a considerable fall
?
/ a moderate decrease
?
/ a gradual decline
?
/ a slight increase
?
/ a steady recovery
?
/ a mild growth
Intensity and speed
(ADJ vs. ADV.)
There was a sudden rise in sales in 2003.
ADJECTIVE + NOUN
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to rise suddenly / a sudden rise (in sales)
to drop sharply /
?
to fall considerably/
?
to decrease moderately/
?
to decline gradually /
?
to increase slightly /
?
to recover steadily /
?
To grow mildlyn/
?
Intensity and speed
(ADJ vs. ADV.)
Adjectives and adverbs:
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to rise suddenly / a sudden rise in
to drop sharply / a sharp drop in
fall slightly / a slight fall in
to decrease moderately/ a moderate decrease
To decline gradually /A gradual decline
To increase slightly /a slight increase
To recover steadily /a steady recovery in
Intensity and speed
(ADJ vs. ADV.)
Adjectives and adverbs:




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to rise suddenly / a sudden rise in
to drop sharply / a sharp drop in
fall slightly / a slight fall in
to decrease moderately/ a moderate decrease
To decline gradually /A gradual decline
To increase slightly /a slight increase
To recover steadily /a steady recovery in
Sentence structure
a) In 2008, sales fell rapidly due to the
crisis.
b) There was a rapid fall in our sales in
2008.
c) A rapid fall in our sales was recorded in
2008.
1.a rapid fall
2. a steady growth
3.an abrupt rise
4.a gradual decline
5.a moderate growth 6.a slight increase
7.a mild drop
8. a considerable decline
Sentence structure
Rephrase the following sentences:
e.g.
Retail sales fell in the second quarter. (v.→ n.)
There was a fall in the second quarter retail sales.

Britain’s economy grew slowly in the second quarter.
There was a slow growth in Britain’s economy in the
second quarter.
A slow growth was recorded in Britain’s economy in the
second quarter.

Shoe imports from China to the EU rose by 300% in the
nine months ending in October 2005 compared with the
same period 2004.
There was a rise of 300% in shoe imports from China...
A rise of 300% was observed in shoe imports from
China...

Cadburry Schweppes reported a 46% rise in net profit in
2005 (n.→v.)
Cadburry Schweppes’s net profit rose by 46% in 2005.
Guidelines to describe a chart
(Reader):

Describe the general trend
e.g. A downward trend is noticed in the retail sales in 2005.
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When did it peak/reach a low?
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Time: In what period...? For how long ....?
e.g. in the period between March and June 2005, in the first
quarter of 2005, in the second half of 2005, for three
consecutive months...

How intensive/quick was the change?
1.Overall trend, 2.Specific trends (details:v+n, highs,
lows), 3.Intensity & speed (adj +adv) , 4. Time frame
5.Prepositions (in, from…to, at, to, by)
 In the period between February and January, an
upward trend was recorded in the growth rate of
retail sales peaking at $ X at the end of the observed
period.
Having reached a low at the end of January, retail
sales started rising in February, slipped back in
March and remained stable at $ X throughout April.
A sharp increase to $X is visible in early May
followed by an abrupt drop of X% in June. Retail
sales climbed back to $X in July. They went up
mildly in August and continued rising in
September….
OBLIGATORY ASSIGNMENT: Describe the graph using
the expressions below (see instruct. on slides 22&23)
…………