Transcript Selected Writings of Andrés Bello

Key terms
Sociolect or “social dialect”: linguistic differentiation based upon on membership
in a longstanding socially-demarcated group
Regional dialect: linguistic differentiation based upon on
membership in a longstanding geographically-demarcated group
Codification: development of inner form: phonology, lexicon, grammar
Elaboration: development of a set of social functions
Acceptance: lay loyalty
Selection: language is chosen to serve particular functions (approved)
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Language or Dialect?
Functional concerns: the descriptive study of social
of language in communication.
Structural concerns: variation in the structural system
of language.
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L1
L1 (D4)/L2(Div)
L2
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Language or Dialect?
--What are the causes of language differentiation?
--Types of dialects:
(1) sociolects or “social dialects”: linguistic differentiation based upon on
membership in a longstanding socially-demarcated group
(2) regional dialects: linguistic differentiation based upon on membership in a
longstanding geographically-demarcated group
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Language or Dialect?
•Mutual intelligibility
•Evaluative (attitudinal) response
•Regional differentiation
•Existence of a writing system or literature
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Haugen (1966)
Ferguson:
Writing dimension
W0 none
W1 normal purposes
W2 original research
in the physical sciences
W3 translations and resumes
Standard dimension
St0 no appreciable
standardization
St1 2 versions of language
with own standards
St2 single widely accepted
norm
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Haugen (1966)
Typical steps toward standardization or internationalization:
Codification -- development of inner form: phonology,
lexicon, grammar
Elaboration -- development of a set of social functions
Acceptance -- lay loyalty
Selection -language is chosen to serve particular
functions (approved)
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Bello, Andrés (1847) “Grammar of the Spanish
Language”, Selected Writings of Andrés Bello
Intersection of Bello’s concerns with Haugen’s formalization
of the process of standardization:
-- concerns regarding the writing of grammars :
1. inadequate definitions
2. badly-made classifications
3. application of the rules of Latin
--enumeration of forms as if there were “no other language
in the world but Spanish”
--appeal to logic
-- linguistic purity
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Bello, Andrés (1847) “Grammar of the Spanish
Language”, Selected Writings of Andrés Bello
Intersection of Bello’s concerns with Haugen’s formalization
of the process of standardization:
--variation: voseo
Y eso era, cachai?
Cómo estai?
Si necesitaí diez lucas...
“And that’s how it was, you know?”
“How ya doing?”
“If you need twenty bucks...”
Bello:
“One should not use the pronoun vos because if one is talking about only
one person, one should say usted or tú depending on the level of familiarity
that we have with said person...But not only does one sin against good use
by using vos...but what is even more repugnant and vulgar is using it with
the second person singular with verbs...In Chile, the infamous plebes
always change the -eis verb endings to -is saying vís, comís, senís...”
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