Transcript Descargar archivo - 1º Bach.English Classes

English Modal Verbs ?
By Laura Álvarez Benítez
Section One
Basic Information
about Modal Verbs
Section Two
Simple Modal
Verbs
Section Three
Past forms of
Modal Verbs and
their functions
Section Four
Compound Modal
Verbs and their
functions
What are Modal Verbs ?

Modal verbs are special verbs which
behave very differently from normal
verbs. Here are some important
differences:
1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the
third person.

EXAMPLES:
He can speak Russian.
She should go now.
My wife may join us for the dinner.
2. You use "not" to make modal verbs
negative, even in Simple Present and
Simple Past.

EXAMPLES:
You should not be late.
I cannot come to at 6pm.
He may not like this idea.
You must not disturb him now, he is busy.
They didn’t must do it. NOT CORRECT
3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in
the past tenses or the future tenses.

EXAMPLES:
He will can go with us. NOT CORRECT
She musted study very hard. NOT CORRECT
It mayed show yesterday. NOT CORRECT
Section Two
Simple Modal
Verbs
“Can”
“Must”
“May”
1.
2.
3.
to express general ability
to express possibility / impossibility
to ask a permission (informal)
EXAMPLES:



I can sing and play the guitar.
Anyone can learn how to use Computers if
they want to.
Can you help me to fix my door?
Back to section two
1.
2.
3.
to express possibility
to ask or to give a permission (formal)
to make requests
EXAMPLES:



He may come late today.
You may use my Computer now.
May I make a phone call?
Back to section two
1.
2.
3.
to express certainty
to express necessity
to make a strong recommendation
EXAMPLES:



You must be tired now, you have worked all
day long.
I must have a visa to go to Canada.
CEP 811 is a very interesting class, you must
take it too.
Back to section two
Section Three
Past forms of
Modal Verbs and
their functions
“Could”
“Would”
“Might”
“Should/
Ought To”
1.
2.
3.
4.
to express general ability in the past, because it is
the past form of the “Can”
to express possible future actions similar to “May
and Might” in meaning
to make a request or ask something
to express unreal or impossible actions
EXAMPLES:
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We tried hard but we could not persuade them to
come with us.
My grandfather could not swim.
When you go to Uzbekistan, you could stay with me.
Could you tell me what time it is?
I don’t know how she works 14 hours a day in front
of the computer, I could not do this.
Back to section three
Take the test #1
Take the test #2
1.
2.
3.
to express future in the past because it is the past
form of “Will”
to express unreal action in the present
to ask someone to do something (formal),
(structure: If + you + would+ verb)
EXAMPLES:




He told me that he would come and fix this computer
yesterday.
I would be very frightened if someone pointed a gun
at me.
If we did not go to their party next week, she would
be very upset.
I’d be very grateful if you would come and help me
move to my new apartment.
Back to section three
Take the test #1
Take the test #2
1.
2.
3.
to ask or give advice or recommendation
often after these verbs: suggest, propose,
recommend, insist, demand.
If you think that if person is likely to do something
with less certainty or accidentally, you can use
this structure: If + you + should+ verb or Should +
you + verb
EXAMPLES:
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I think you should /ought to stop smoking, drinking and
messing around, instead you should do sometime
useful.
They insisted that we should / ought to have dinner with
them.
He recommended that I should / ought to apologize to
her for what I said.
If you should see Tom this evening, could you tell him
to call me? or Should you see Tom…..
Back to section three
Take the test #1
Take the test #2
1.
2.
3.
to give or ask permission, or possibility in the past,
because it is the past form of “May”
to express future or present possibility and
probability
Interchangeably with “May” quite often with no
difference in meaning.
EXAMPLES:
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She told that he might come in and use her stove.
He might be having lunch now.
It might rain tomorrow.
There may/might not be a meeting tonight, because
the director is ill.
I may/might go to Italy this summer.
Back to section three
Section Four
Compound Modal
Verbs and their
functions
Modal Verbs + Perfectives?
Quit
Continue
Modal Verbs + Perfective
May/Might/ Could+Have + P.P.
Must+ Have+ Past Participle
Should+ Have+ Past Participle
Would+Have+Past Participle
Can´t +Have+ Past Participle
Modal Verbs+ Perfective
Could+ Have+Past Participle
May/Might/Could + Have + Past Participle


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to express the possibility or probability in the
past, it is not certain if it happened or not.
Examples:
When I was sleeping last night, it may/might/could
have rained.
I can’t find my notebook in my office, I
may/might/could have left it in the cafeteria.
Must + Have + Past Participle



to express the certainty in the past.
Examples:
Amira made an excellent presentation, she must
have prepared a lot for it.
When I came home in the middle of the night, I
unintentionally made a lot of noise, you must have
heard me.
Should + Have + Past Participle



to criticize some action in the past that did
not happen.
Examples:
I feel sick now, I should not have eaten so much
chocolate.
I am so sorry to hear that you got a bad grade for
this class, you should have studied more.
Would + Have + Past Participle



to talk about unreal situations in the past,
usually in If sentences.
Examples:
Why didn’t you call me? I would have come and
helped you, and you wouldn’t have received this bill.
If I had known that you were in Washington DC,I
would have made arrangements to see you.
Can’t+ Have+ Past Participle
is used

To talk about an alternative past action.
Examples:
I could have called you but I didn’t have time.
She could have done the exercise but she
didn’t feel like it.
Can’t+ Have+ Past Partciple
is used

To talk about an impossible situation in the
past (impossibility in the past).
Examples:
It can’t have been Peter because he is not in
London.
They can’t have called since they don’t know
our phone number.