Transcript week3 - English 101B

English 101 B
Week 3 Notes
MLA & Verb review
Agenda
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MLA rules
Assign MLA assignment
Review Kinds of Verbs
Mood of Verbs
Assign Essay 2
What is MLA?
• MLA stands for the Modern Language
Association.
• The object of MLA is to promote study,
criticism, and research in the more and
less commonly taught modern languages
and their literatures and to further the
common interests of teachers of these
subjects.
General Guidelines
• Type your paper on a computer and print it out
on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper,
• Double-space the text of your paper, and use a
legible font like Times New Roman or Courier.
The font size should be 10-12 pt.
• Leave only one space after periods or other
punctuation marks (unless otherwise instructed
by your instructor).
General Guidelines
• Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on
all sides. Indent the first line of a paragraph one
half-inch (five spaces or press tab once) from
the left margin.
• Create a header that numbers all pages
consecutively in the upper right-hand corner,
one-half inch from the top and flush with the right
margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you
omit the number on your first page. Always
follow your instructor's guidelines.)
General Guidelines
• Use either italics or underlining throughout
your essay for the titles of longer works
and, only when absolutely necessary,
providing emphasis.
• If you have any endnotes, include them on
a separate page before your Works Cited
page. Endnotes take up space and do not
count as towards meeting the minimum
requirements for the paper.
Formatting the First Page of
Your Paper
• Do not make a title page for your paper unless
specifically requested.
• In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your
name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date.
Keep in mind the more space you take up here does not
mean you need to write less. Instructors can tell if you
have not written the minimum required for the
assignment.
• Double space again and center the title. Don't underline
your title or put it in quotation marks; write the title in Title
Case, not in all capital letters.
Formatting the First Page of
Your Paper
• Use quotation marks and underlining or
italics when referring to other works in
your title, just as you would in your text,
e.g.,
– Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality
Play
– Human Weariness in "After Apple Picking"
• Double space between the title and the
first line of the text.
Formatting the First Page of
Your Paper
• Create a header in the upper right-hand corner
that includes your last name, followed by a
space with a page number; number all pages
consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4,
etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with
the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other
readers may ask that you omit last name/page
number header on your first page. Always follow
their guidelines.)
Source Attribution
MLA accomplishes source
attribution through the use
of:
In-Text Citation:
 In-Text Citations
Delano is described as “a man of
such native simplicity as to be
incapable of satire or irony”
(Melville).
◦
Attributes sources in your
paper as you discuss
them.
 A Reference Page
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A list of sources used in
your essay with more
complete information
about the sources.
Part One:
In-Text citations
Examples & Explanations
IN-TEXT (PARENTHETICAL)
DOCUMENTATION – OVERVIEW
In-Text Citations:
 Show readers from
where the information
was taken.
 Direct the reader to
the Works Cited page.
 Are placed as close
as possible to the
borrowed material.
In-Text Citation – Paraphrase
 Delano blames
the strange
behavior of
Don Benito on
either some
sort of
elaborate
performance
or insanity
(Melville).
This is a paraphrase; none
of the author’s words from
the original text are used,
but it does repeat the
author’s ideas.
 Paraphrases MUST be cited
to avoid plagiarism.
 Paraphrasing is easiest
when taking a large amount
of material and condensing it
into a few sentences (for
example, summarizing a
scientific study or the
meaning of a stanza of
poetry).
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In-Text Citation – Direct Quote
• Delano is
described as
“a man of
such native
simplicity as
to be
incapable of
satire or irony”
(Melville).
• The citation
follows the
quotation
marks, but the
period comes
after the
parenthesis.
In-Text Citation – Block Quote
• There are no quotation marks because the quote is clearly offset
from the rest of the text.
• Punctuation comes before the citation for block quotes only.
• Since the author of the work is given in the text, it is not necessary
to repeat it in the Citation.
• This needs to be done with quotes 3 or more lines long.
In-Text Citations - Using One
of Two Sources by the Same
Author.
In-Text Citations - Using One of Two Sources by the Same Author.
• The railways
forced “cities
across England to
standardize how
they kept time so
that the train
schedules could
be constructed”
(Ramsey,
“Railways”).
• Give the Author’s last
name followed by a
comma and the title of
the work.
• Punctuation still comes
after the parenthesis.
In-Text Citation – More than one
Author
Sometimes a work will have more than one author. In that case, here is how
you would cite that:
 Twenty percent of
all participants had
brown eyes
(Kretzke,
Sheamus and
Bacon).
 Most people
surveyed said they
had one eye with
blurry vision
(Kramer et. al)
 If there are 2 or 3
authors write all of
their last names in
the parenthetical
citation or in-text.
 If there are 4 or more
authors write the first
authors last name
followed by et. al in
the parenthetical
citation.
Multiple Sources In Text Citation
• To cite multiple sources in the same
parenthetical reference, separate the
citations by a semi-colon:
– ...as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke;
Dewey)
In Text Citation of Anonymous
Work/Author Unknown
• If the work you are citing has no author,
use an abbreviated version of the work's
title. (For non-print sources, such as films,
TV series, pictures, or other media, or
electronic sources, include the name that
begins the entry in the Works Cited
page). For example:
– An anonymous Wordsworth critic once
argued that his poems were too emotional
("Wordsworth Is a Loser").
In Text Citations of Indirect
Sources
• Sometimes you may have to use an
indirect source. An indirect source is a
source cited in another source. For such
indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate
the source you actually consulted. For
example:
– Ravitch argues that high schools are
pressured to act as "social service centers,
and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman).
In-Text Citations – Further
Reference
 For further
reference on
in-text
citations, see
the most
recent edition
of the MLA
Handbook.
Part Two:
Works Cited Page
Examples & Explanations
Works Cited – An Overview
• The Works Cited page contains
more detailed information for all of
the sources used in the essay.
• It is found at the end of the essay on
a separate page.
Example of a Work Cited Page
Things to Note:
Hanging
indent:
0.5 inch
 “Works Cited” is found at
the top of the page in
plain text, centered.
 Each entry begins even
with the left margin and
every additional line
indented one half inch.
 Entries are entered
alphabetically by first
item—typically author’s
last name. If there is no
author, or if there are two
works by the same
author, alphabetize by
title.
 All entries should be
double spaced.
◦ There is no additional
space between entries.
Works Cited – Book (Simple)
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Use the information from the title page and
copyright page; do not use the cover.
Omit any information that is not included in the
book.
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If there is no author, for example, leave it out and begin
the entry with the title.
The general citation format is: author, title, place
of publication, publisher, and the date.
Works Cited - Anthology
Order of Citation:
 Author of the short work found in the anthology.
 Title of the work (in quotation marks).
 Title of the anthology itself (underlined).
 The abbreviation Ed.
 Editor’s name for the anthology.
 Volume number.
 Place of publication.
 Publisher and the date.
 INCLUSIVE page numbers for the short work
(where it starts and where it ends).
Works Cited – Journal Article
• Author’s last name, First name. “Title of the
Article.” Name of the Periodical. Series
number or name Volume Number. Issue
Number (if pages are numbered separately
for each issue—If pages numbers are
continuous through volume, omit Issue
Number) (Date of Publication): Inclusive
Page Numbers.
Works Cited - Online Article
Examples
Journal Article Found Online
Flynn, Kevin. “Destination Nation: 19th Century Travels aboard the Canadian
Pacific Railway.” Essays on Canadian Writing, 67 (1999): 190-222.
EBSCOhost. Web. 1 June 2009.
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Author of the article.
Title of the article (in quotations).
Title of the journal (underlined).
Volume number
Date of publication (in parentheses followed by a colon)
INCLUSIVE page numbers for the short work (where it starts and
where it ends).
The service used to retrieve it.
The date of access (the date you accessed the article online).
Works Cited - Online Article
Examples
Title of the article (in quotations).
 Title of the newspaper, magazine, or
website (underlined).
 Date of publication.
 The date of access.
 The web address from where the
information was retrieved.
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Works Cited - Online Article
Examples
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Author of the article.
Title of the article (in quotations).
Title of the journal (underlined).
Date of publication.
The name of the sponsoring organization.
The date of access.
The web address from where the information
was retrieved.
Works Cited – Website
There are so many possibilities on the Internet that we
can’t show all possible entries for internet sources.
Below is the general format to follow:
Author/Editor’s last name, First name. “Title of the Work
(article, poem story, etc.).” Publication Information for
any Print Source of the Material (In the same format as
for that type of print source). Title of the Online Site.
Ed. And Name of any Editor of Site. Version or Volume
number for the Source. Date of Electronic Publication
or Last Update. Range or Total Number of Paragraphs,
Pages or Sections (if numbered—if not numbered,
omit). Name of any Sponsoring Organization or Group.
Date You Accessed Material <Web Address>.
Works Cited – Further
Reference
 For further
reference on
Works Cited
page, see the
most recent
edition of the
MLA
Handbook.
MLA Assignment
• P. 254 Exercise 1 Locating Sources
– You will do a work cited page for the sources
you use to answer the questions.
• P. 257 Exercise 2 Documenting Sources
Kinds of Verbs
• Transitive Verbs
• Intransitive Verbs
• Linking Verbs
Transitive Verb
• A verb that expresses an action directed
towards a person or thing.
• Examples:
– Customers bought products.
– Yesterday the president called her.
– The dog chased the cat.
• Transitive verbs need a direct object (the
who or what the verb is done to).
Intransitive verbs
• Verbs that do not require an object to
complete its action.
• Examples:
– Bob worked in our Marketing department last
year.
– Stan dreams of owning his own business.
– Francesca listened.
– Reba ran.
Linking Verbs
• A linking verb links the subject to a word or
phrase that renames or describes the
subject.
• Examples:
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She is the new supervisor.
He is the new manager.
Patty’s salary is excellent.
Tom was the caller.
Identify the type of verb
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Robert polished his shoes.
I called my sister.
Meg was the CEO of Ebay.
I wrote that letter.
Sam ran far.
Lisa waited for the bus.
Wayne is our gardener.
She wrote quickly.
Answers
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Robert polished his shoes. Polished - transitive
I called my sister. Called - transitive
Meg was the CEO of Ebay. Was - Linking
I wrote that letter. Wrote - transitive
Sam ran far. Ran - Intransitive
Lisa waited for the bus. Waited - Intransitive
Wayne is our gardener. Is - Linking
She wrote quickly. Wrote - Intransitive
Mood of verbs
• The mood of a verb indicates the writer’s
attitude toward the action.
• There are three moods in English:
– Indicative
– Imperative
– Subjective
Indicative Mood
• The indicative mood is used for ordinary
statements of fact or question.
– The light flashed on and off all night.
– Did you check the batteries?
• This is the most common mood in the
English language.
• Most of our communication is done in a
matter of fact fashion or asking a direct
question.
Imperative mood
• The imperative mood is used for
commands, suggestions, or directions.
• The subject of the verb in the imperative
mood is You.
• Often time the subject will not be present;
rather it is understood to be you.
– Stop shouting!
– Come to New York for a visit.
– Turn right at the next corner.
Subjunctive Mood
• The subjunctive mood is used for wishes,
requirements, recommendations, and
statements contrary to fact.
• For statements contrary to fact or for
wishes, the past tense of the verb is used.
• For the verb be, only the past tense form
were is used.
Subjunctive Mood
– If I had a million dollars burning a whole in my
pocket, I’d take a trip around the world.
– If my boss were promoted, I would be next in
line for his job.
– If I were 18 again, I would do a lot of things
different.
Subjunctive Mood
• To express suggestions,
recommendations, or requirements, the
infinitive form is used for all verbs.
– I recommend that the houses be sold after the
landscaping is done.
– The registrar required that Maureen pay her
bill before attending class.
Homework
• MLA Assignment
– P. 254 Exercise 1 Locating Sources
– P. 257 Exercise 2 Documenting Sources
• Handout on Verb Kinds and Moods
• Essay 2: Do you think social networking online is a
positive or negative trend? Why? (must be at least one
full page)