Transcript verbs - TeacherWeb

VERBS
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ACTION OR LINKING
AUXILIARY (= HELPER)
4 PRINCIPAL FORMS
SIMPLE TENSES
PERFECT TENSES
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
•THERE ARE 2 MAIN CATEGORIES
INTO WHICH VERBS MAY BE DIVIDED:
ACTION AND LINKING.
•Action verbs express action: either mental
or physical. The subject of the sentence
performs the action described by the verb in
such situations.
•Linking verbs are used to link the subject
to the predicate word (either the p.n. or the
p.a.).
VERBS
ACTION
Forms of “BE”
am, is, are,
was, were, will be,
been, being
LINKING
Verbs Expressing
Condition
look, smell, feel,
sound, taste, grow,
appear, become,
seem, remain
AUXILIARY VERBS
• These are also called helping verbs when they are
part of a verb phrase.
• Some auxiliary verbs can also be used as the main
verb in certain situations.
• Common Auxiliary Verbs:
–
–
–
–
be (am, is, are, was, were, will be, been, being)
have (have, has, had, will have)
do (do, does, did)
can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must
THE 4 PRINCIPAL FORMS OF A
VERB
• Every verb has 4 principal forms:
– the present tense
– the present participle
– the past tense
– the past participle
• Participles ALWAYS need a helper. They may never
function alone as a verb phrase.
• These 4 parts are used to make all of a verb’s tenses and
forms.
– He looks at the sky every night. (present tense)
– He is looking for answers to his questions. (A helper and a
present participle were used to form a verb phrase in a
particular tense.)
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
freeze(s)
freezing
froze
frozen
fall(s)
falling
fell
fallen
ride(s)
riding
rode
ridden
come(s)
coming
came
come
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
burst(s)
bursting
burst
burst
cost(s)
costing
cost
cost
cut(s)
cutting
cut
cut
hit(s)
hitting
hit
hit
hurt(s)
hurting
hurt
hurt
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
let(s)
letting
let
let
put(s)
putting
put
put
set(s)
setting
set
set
shut(s)
shutting
shut
shut
bring(s)
bringing
brought
brought
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
catch(es)
catching
caught
caught
get(s)
getting
got
gotten
lay(s)
laying
laid
laid
lead(s)
leading
led
led
lend(s)
lending
lent
lent
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
lose(s)
losing
lost
lost
make(s)
making
made
made
say(s)
saying
said
said
sit(s)
sitting
sat
sat
seek(s)
seeking
sought
sought
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
teach(es)
teaching
taught
taught
begin(s)
beginning
began
begun
drink(s)
drinking
drank
drunk
ring(s)
ringing
rang
rung
shrink(s)
shrinking
shrank
shrunk
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
sink(s)
sinking
sank
sunk
spring(s)
springing
sprang
sprung
swim(s)
swimming
swam
swum
beat(s)
beating
beat
beaten
break(s)
breaking
broke
broken
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
choose(s)
choosing
chose
chosen
lie(s)
lying
lay
lain
speak(s)
speaking
spoke
spoken
steal(s)
stealing
stole
stolen
tear(s)
tearing
tore
torn
wear(s)
wearing
wore
worn
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
blow(s)
blowing
blew
blown
do(es)
doing
did
done
draw(s)
drawing
drew
drawn
eat(s)
eating
ate
eaten
give(s)
giving
gave
given
go(es)
going
went
gone
Verbs to Memorize
Present Tense
Present
Participle
Past Tense
Past Participle
grow(s)
growing
grew
grown
know(s)
knowing
knew
known
rise(s)
rising
rose
risen
run(s)
running
ran
run
see(s)
seeing
saw
seen
take(s)
taking
took
taken
throw(s)
throwing
threw
thrown
write(s)
writing
wrote
written
TENSES
• Tense indicates when an action
occurred.
• We will learn several different tenses:
simple, perfect, progressive, and
perfect progressive.
• SIMPLE TENSES: past, present,
future. You know these already since
they are the most commonly used
tenses. Conjugate a verb to see its
form(s) in any of the simple tenses.
HELPERS FOR TENSES
BE
HAVE
HAVE
HAS
PAST
AM
IS
ARE
WAS
WERE
FUTURE
WILL BE
WILL HAVE
PRESENT
HAD
PERFECT TENSES
• past perfect = past tense of have + past
participle of main verb
• present perfect = present tense of have
+ past participle of main verb
• future perfect = future tense of have +
past participle of main verb
PERFECT TENSES
HELPER
past perfect
had
PARTICIPLE
past participle
present perfect have or has
past participle
future perfect
past participle
will have
PERFECT TENSES
write
past perfect
HELPER
had
present perfect have
has
future perfect will have
PARTICIPLE
written
written
written
written
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
• past progressive = past tense of be +
present participle of main verb
• present progressive = present tense of
be + present participle of main verb
• future progressive = future tense of be
+ present participle of main verb
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
HELPER
past progressive
PARTICIPLE
was, were
present participle
present progressive am, is, are
present participle
future progressive
present participle
will be
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
play
past progressive
HELPER
was
were
present progressive am
is
are
future progressive will be
PARTICIPLE
playing
playing
playing
playing
playing
playing
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
• past perfect progressive = past tense of
have + “been” + present participle of main
verb
• present perfect progressive = present tense
of have + “been” + present participle of
main verb
• future perfect progressive = future tense of
have + “been” + present participle of main
verb
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
HELPER
EXTRA
HELPER
PARTICIPLE
PAST PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
HAD
BEEN
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
PRESENT
PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
HAVE, HAS BEEN
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
FUTURE
PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
WILL HAVE BEEN
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
RUN
HELPER
EXTRA
HELPER
PARTICIPLE
PAST PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
HAD
BEEN
RUNNING
PRESENT
PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
HAVE
BEEN
HAS
BEEN
WILL HAVE BEEN
RUNNING
RUNNING
FUTURE
PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
RUNNING
SIMPLE TENSES OF “FREEZE”
• SIMPLE PRESENT: FREEZE(S)
Why are there two forms?
• SIMPLE PAST: FROZE
• SIMPLE FUTURE: WILL FREEZE
PERFECT TENSES OF “FREEZE”
• PAST PERFECT: had frozen
• PRESENT PERFECT:
have/has frozen
• FUTURE PERFECT:
will have frozen
PROGRESSIVE TENSES OF
“FREEZE”
• PAST PROGRESSIVE:
was/were freezing
• PRESENT PROGRESSIVE:
am/is/are freezing
• FUTURE PROGRESSIVE:
will be freezing
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
OF “FREEZE”
• PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE:
had been freezing
• PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE:
have/has been freezing
• FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE:
will have been freezing